The present invention relates to methods for producing biphasic calcium phosphate materials using chemical processing methods including exposure to peroxides. The resulting materials exhibit an osteoinductive needle-like surface morphology and are useful as artificial bone grafts.

A particle comprising hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, α-tricalcium phosphate, and/or bioactive glass is provided. The particle can be useful in bone graft compositions further comprising a carrier. The composition can include a quadphasic particle having hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, α-tricalcium phosphate, bioactive glass, and a carrier. The particle can have a size in the range of 50 microns to 2.5 mm. A method of repairing a bone defect is also provided. The method can include a step of applying the bone graft composition to a subject having the bone defect, such as a spinal bone defect. The subject receiving the bone graft composition can be a mammal, namely a human, pet, or domestic animal.

A particle comprising hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, α-tricalcium phosphate, and/or bioactive glass is provided. The particle can be useful in bone graft compositions further comprising a carrier. The composition can include a quadphasic particle having hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, α-tricalcium phosphate, bioactive glass, and a carrier. The particle can have a size in the range of 50 microns to 2.5 mm. A method of repairing a bone defect is also provided. The method can include a step of applying the bone graft composition to a subject having the bone defect, such as a spinal bone defect. The subject receiving the bone graft composition can be a mammal, namely a human, pet, or domestic animal.

A crystal of a calcium phosphate that is any one selected from the group consisting of octacalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, chlorapatite and carbonate apatite, in which a part of a plurality of calcium ions in a crystal structure of the crystal are replaced with a silver ion or a copper ion.

A crystal of a calcium phosphate that is any one selected from the group consisting of octacalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, chlorapatite and carbonate apatite, in which a part of a plurality of calcium ions in a crystal structure of the crystal are replaced with a silver ion or a copper ion.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a support for regenerating core-shell structured hard tissue and a support for regenerating core-shell structured hard tissue manufactured thereby, wherein the support may further comprise bio-functional materials, such as cells, in a core-shell structure. The method for manufacturing a support for regenerating core-shell structured hard tissue according to the present invention has an effect of manufacturing a support for regenerating core-shell structured hard tissue by a method by which a 3-dimensional structure is prepared by a layer manufacturing process through an extrusion container having a double nozzle. In addition, the support can be manufactured at room temperature, thereby having an effect of containing cells or various bio-functional materials. Furthermore, the support for regenerating core-shell structured hard tissue has a similar constitution to a bone component and thus has higher mechanical properties, and has an effect that the cells or various bio-functional materials are uniformly distributed throughout the entire 3-dimensional structure.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a support for regenerating core-shell structured hard tissue and a support for regenerating core-shell structured hard tissue manufactured thereby, wherein the support may further comprise bio-functional materials, such as cells, in a core-shell structure. The method for manufacturing a support for regenerating core-shell structured hard tissue according to the present invention has an effect of manufacturing a support for regenerating core-shell structured hard tissue by a method by which a 3-dimensional structure is prepared by a layer manufacturing process through an extrusion container having a double nozzle. In addition, the support can be manufactured at room temperature, thereby having an effect of containing cells or various bio-functional materials. Furthermore, the support for regenerating core-shell structured hard tissue has a similar constitution to a bone component and thus has higher mechanical properties, and has an effect that the cells or various bio-functional materials are uniformly distributed throughout the entire 3-dimensional structure.

Disclosed herein are compounds of formula (I)

##STR00001##

and therapeutic methods of treatment with compounds of formula (I), wherein L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.4, R.sup.1, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and s are as defined in the specification. Compounds of formula (I) are EP4 agonists useful in the treatment of glaucoma, neuropathic pain, and related disorders.

Disclosed herein are compounds of formula (I)

##STR00001##

and therapeutic methods of treatment with compounds of formula (I), wherein L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.4, R.sup.1, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and s are as defined in the specification. Compounds of formula (I) are EP4 agonists useful in the treatment of glaucoma, neuropathic pain, and related disorders.

A method of making porous ceramic granules is provided. The method comprises heating pore-forming agent particles to a temperature above a glass transition temperature for the pore-forming agent particles; contacting the heated pore-forming agent particles with a ceramic material to form a mixture of pore-forming agent particles and ceramic material; heating the mixture to remove the pore-forming agent particles from the mixture to form a porous ceramic material; and micronizing the porous ceramic material to obtain the porous ceramic granules, wherein the porous ceramic granules have an average diameter from about 50 μm to 800 μm. The porous ceramic granules are also disclosed.