A hydrogel comprising a colloidal suspension of M.sup.I.sub.XM.sup.II.sub.YP.sub.Z two-dimensional nanocrystals in water, wherein M.sup.I is Na.sup.+ and/or Li.sup.+, M.sup.II is Mg.sup.2+ or a mixture of Mg.sup.2+ with one or more Ni.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+ and/or Mn.sup.2+, P is a mixture of dibasic phosphate ions (HPO.sub.4.sup.2−) and tribasic phosphate ions (PO.sub.4.sup.3−). X ranges from about 0.43 to about 0.63, Y ranges from about 0.10 to about 0.18, Z ranges from about 0.29 to about 0.48, X, Y, Z being mole fractions, is provided.

A hydrogel comprising a colloidal suspension of M.sup.I.sub.XM.sup.II.sub.YP.sub.Z two-dimensional nanocrystals in water, wherein M.sup.I is Na.sup.+ and/or Li.sup.+, M.sup.II is Mg.sup.2+ or a mixture of Mg.sup.2+ with one or more Ni.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+ and/or Mn.sup.2+, P is a mixture of dibasic phosphate ions (HPO.sub.4.sup.2−) and tribasic phosphate ions (PO.sub.4.sup.3−). X ranges from about 0.43 to about 0.63, Y ranges from about 0.10 to about 0.18, Z ranges from about 0.29 to about 0.48, X, Y, Z being mole fractions, is provided.

The present invention relates to a two-stage sintering method for preparing a porous biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic from calcium-containing biological waste, wherein hydroxyapatite prepared from calcium-containing waste is mixed with a foaming agent to prepare a bone graft material having medicinal use through two-stage sintering.

The present invention relates to a two-stage sintering method for preparing a porous biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic from calcium-containing biological waste, wherein hydroxyapatite prepared from calcium-containing waste is mixed with a foaming agent to prepare a bone graft material having medicinal use through two-stage sintering.

A method for instant lumbar spine fusion between two vertebrae in a patient includes establishing under X-ray fluoroscopy the location of the transpedicular notch of the next lower vertebra in caudal direction, making a percutaneous incision to the transpedicular notch, inserting a cannulated guide, drilling a transpedicular approach from the pedicle of the lower vertebra to the anterior part of the vertebral body of the vertebrae above the disc to be treated, inserting a working cannula through the previously drilled approach reaching the intervertebral disk, cleaning and scrapping the intervertebral disk space, inserting transpedicularly at least one intervertebral stabilizing screw, and acting on both intervertebral screws with screwdrivers in order to distract or contract both screws allowing to adjust or correct the intervertebral distance of the disk. The method can be performed on an outpatient basis.

A method for instant lumbar spine fusion between two vertebrae in a patient includes establishing under X-ray fluoroscopy the location of the transpedicular notch of the next lower vertebra in caudal direction, making a percutaneous incision to the transpedicular notch, inserting a cannulated guide, drilling a transpedicular approach from the pedicle of the lower vertebra to the anterior part of the vertebral body of the vertebrae above the disc to be treated, inserting a working cannula through the previously drilled approach reaching the intervertebral disk, cleaning and scrapping the intervertebral disk space, inserting transpedicularly at least one intervertebral stabilizing screw, and acting on both intervertebral screws with screwdrivers in order to distract or contract both screws allowing to adjust or correct the intervertebral distance of the disk. The method can be performed on an outpatient basis.

The invention relates to a porous osteoinductive calcium phosphate material having an average grain size in a range of 0.1-1.50 μm, having a porosity consisting essentially only of micropores in a size range of 0.1-1.50 μm, and having a surface area percentage of micropores in a range of 10-40%.

The invention relates to a porous osteoinductive calcium phosphate material having an average grain size in a range of 0.1-1.50 μm, having a porosity consisting essentially only of micropores in a size range of 0.1-1.50 μm, and having a surface area percentage of micropores in a range of 10-40%.

Provided herein are a scaffold having a surface hyperboloid structure and its fabrication method and application. The scaffold has internally disposed with pores where each of the pores connects with each other and any point on a surface of each of the pores has the hyperboloid structure. Since the surface of the scaffold is smooth and stress concentration is thereby avoided, the scaffold can withstand a greater external force in the case of the same porosity. Moreover, since the pores inside the scaffold connect with each other, the scaffold has a better permeability to fluid and is more conducive to tissue ingrowth. In addition, the scaffold has a large internal surface area, rendering it feasible to subsequent surface treatment, such as film coating, to be carried out on the internal surface of the scaffold.

Provided herein are a scaffold having a surface hyperboloid structure and its fabrication method and application. The scaffold has internally disposed with pores where each of the pores connects with each other and any point on a surface of each of the pores has the hyperboloid structure. Since the surface of the scaffold is smooth and stress concentration is thereby avoided, the scaffold can withstand a greater external force in the case of the same porosity. Moreover, since the pores inside the scaffold connect with each other, the scaffold has a better permeability to fluid and is more conducive to tissue ingrowth. In addition, the scaffold has a large internal surface area, rendering it feasible to subsequent surface treatment, such as film coating, to be carried out on the internal surface of the scaffold.