Disclosed herein are methods of controlling a composition of M1/M2 macrophages in a wound of a subject. The method can include applying an electrospun structure to the wound, wherein the electrospun structure comprises a polymer, wherein the polymer comprises an alpha-hydroxy acid, and keeping the electrospun structure on the wound for a time period. The presence of the electrospun structure on the wound causes an increase in presence of M2 macrophages relative to M1 macrophages, which can, in turn, promote healing of the wound.

A controlled-viscosity polymeric hydrogel including an aqueous solvent, a water-soluble synthetic polymeric component and an anti-cross-linking component, constituted of a polyphenol, in particular of hydroxytyrosol.

A controlled-viscosity polymeric hydrogel including an aqueous solvent, a water-soluble synthetic polymeric component and an anti-cross-linking component, constituted of a polyphenol, in particular of hydroxytyrosol.

A controlled-viscosity polymeric hydrogel including an aqueous solvent, a water-soluble synthetic polymeric component and an anti-cross-linking component, constituted of a polyphenol, in particular of hydroxytyrosol.

A method for producing a composite demineralized bone matrix composition using a one-step process is described. The composite demineralized bone matrix composition is produced from the biologically-derived bone. In addition, the composite demineralized bone matrix composition contains bone minerals according to the original composition proportion in the bone and may provide a bone mineral content condition that is closest to that in an environment in which in vivo bone formation occurs. In addition, the composition contains a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2), and thus enables a stable and excellent bone formation effect to be derived.

A method for producing a composite demineralized bone matrix composition using a one-step process is described. The composite demineralized bone matrix composition is produced from the biologically-derived bone. In addition, the composite demineralized bone matrix composition contains bone minerals according to the original composition proportion in the bone and may provide a bone mineral content condition that is closest to that in an environment in which in vivo bone formation occurs. In addition, the composition contains a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2), and thus enables a stable and excellent bone formation effect to be derived.

Provided is an artificial bladder including: a main body which includes an inlet port, an outlet port, and a predetermined reservoir portion configured to store urine between the inlet port and the outlet port and is formed of a biocompatible polymer that is expandable so that a volume of the reservoir portion changes according to the amount of urine; a sensor which is attached to an outer wall of the main body, has a surface having a wrinkled structure, and is provided so that, when the volume of the reservoir portion increases, the wrinkled structure stretches out and resistance of the sensor changes; and an actuator which is provided at the outlet port and is configured to discharge the urine according a result detected by the sensor.

Provided is an artificial bladder including: a main body which includes an inlet port, an outlet port, and a predetermined reservoir portion configured to store urine between the inlet port and the outlet port and is formed of a biocompatible polymer that is expandable so that a volume of the reservoir portion changes according to the amount of urine; a sensor which is attached to an outer wall of the main body, has a surface having a wrinkled structure, and is provided so that, when the volume of the reservoir portion increases, the wrinkled structure stretches out and resistance of the sensor changes; and an actuator which is provided at the outlet port and is configured to discharge the urine according a result detected by the sensor.

Provided herein are methods which alter the mechanical and biological properties of polymeric materials. Also provided are compositions comprising the polymeric materials having said properties.

Provided herein are methods which alter the mechanical and biological properties of polymeric materials. Also provided are compositions comprising the polymeric materials having said properties.