A method of generating compressive residual stresses through a thickness of a metal component comprising the steps: receiving a metal base component (10), which in use is subjected to applied pressure and applying by thermal deposition cladding (16) to one or more surfaces (14) of the base component. The cladding (16) comprises one or more layers of metal or metal alloy. The method also includes, subsequent to the cladding step, applying autofrettage to the clad component thereby generating compressive residual stresses through the one or more layers of metal or metal alloy (16) and at least part way through the base component.

A method of generating compressive residual stresses through a thickness of a metal component comprising the steps: receiving a metal base component (10), which in use is subjected to applied pressure and applying by thermal deposition cladding (16) to one or more surfaces (14) of the base component. The cladding (16) comprises one or more layers of metal or metal alloy. The method also includes, subsequent to the cladding step, applying autofrettage to the clad component thereby generating compressive residual stresses through the one or more layers of metal or metal alloy (16) and at least part way through the base component.

A system and method for fracturing multiple zones along a length of a wellbore during a single run are provided. A single magnetic shifter device may be lowered on coiled tubing to shift open multiple sleeve assemblies set along the wellbore to expose different fracture zones for desired fracturing treatments. The sleeve assemblies may each include a magnetic sensing system designed to detect a magnetic field output from the shifter device. The magnetic sensing system may output a control signal to an electro-hydraulic lock to collapse a baffle component of the sleeve assembly. Once the baffle is collapsed, an isolation component of the shifter device may engage the collapsed baffle to form a plug through the wellbore. Pressure applied from the surface may push the baffle and a sliding sleeve of the sleeve assembly downward, thereby exposing fracturing ports through the casing of the wellbore.

A system and method for fracturing multiple zones along a length of a wellbore during a single run are provided. A single magnetic shifter device may be lowered on coiled tubing to shift open multiple sleeve assemblies set along the wellbore to expose different fracture zones for desired fracturing treatments. The sleeve assemblies may each include a magnetic sensing system designed to detect a magnetic field output from the shifter device. The magnetic sensing system may output a control signal to an electro-hydraulic lock to collapse a baffle component of the sleeve assembly. Once the baffle is collapsed, an isolation component of the shifter device may engage the collapsed baffle to form a plug through the wellbore. Pressure applied from the surface may push the baffle and a sliding sleeve of the sleeve assembly downward, thereby exposing fracturing ports through the casing of the wellbore.

Systems and methods for treating produced water and/or flowback water from fracking operations include: an oil water separator; a first filter downstream of the oil water separator; and an electrocoagulation unit downstream of the first filter. Systems and methods can be used for producing a concentrated brine for use in industrial applications and a separate stream of fresh water

An aqueous suspension of polymer bodies is made by coalescing polymer from a flowing aqueous solution. These suspended bodies may be fibrous in appearance. However, the coalescence of the polymer bodies may be controlled to produce shapes. The coalesced polymer bodies are used for treating a downhole location within or accessed by a borehole. The bodies may be formed by coalescence at the surface and then pumped downhole or may be formed by coalescence downhole. Coalescence of polymer may result from crosslinking, complexing with material of opposite charge, or change in the polymer solution temperature, pH, solute concentration or solvent. The coalesced polymer bodies are maintained in aqueous solution after coalescence, and are not removed from solution for strengthening.

An aqueous suspension of polymer bodies is made by coalescing polymer from a flowing aqueous solution. These suspended bodies may be fibrous in appearance. However, the coalescence of the polymer bodies may be controlled to produce shapes. The coalesced polymer bodies are used for treating a downhole location within or accessed by a borehole. The bodies may be formed by coalescence at the surface and then pumped downhole or may be formed by coalescence downhole. Coalescence of polymer may result from crosslinking, complexing with material of opposite charge, or change in the polymer solution temperature, pH, solute concentration or solvent. The coalesced polymer bodies are maintained in aqueous solution after coalescence, and are not removed from solution for strengthening.

Apparatus and methods for energizing well operations fluids, including a fluid energizing device directly or operatively connected between first and second conduits. The fluid energizing device includes a chamber. A first fluid enters the chamber from the first conduit, and a second fluid enters the chamber from the second conduit and energizes the first fluid within the chamber. A third conduit conducts the energized first fluid from the chamber to a wellhead.

A technique for reducing harmonic vibration in a multiplex multi-pump system. The technique includes establishing a lower bound of system specific vibration-related information such as via pressure variation or other vibration indicator. Establishing the lower bound may be achieved through simulation with the system or through an initial sampling period of pump operation. During this time, random perturbations through a subset of the pumps may be utilized to disrupt timing or phase of the subset. Thus, system vibration may randomly increase or decrease upon each perturbation. Regardless, with a sufficient number of sampled perturbations, the lower bound may be established. Therefore, actual controlled system operations may proceed, again employing random perturbations until operation of the system close to the known lower bound is substantially attained.

A technique for reducing harmonic vibration in a multiplex multi-pump system. The technique includes establishing a lower bound of system specific vibration-related information such as via pressure variation or other vibration indicator. Establishing the lower bound may be achieved through simulation with the system or through an initial sampling period of pump operation. During this time, random perturbations through a subset of the pumps may be utilized to disrupt timing or phase of the subset. Thus, system vibration may randomly increase or decrease upon each perturbation. Regardless, with a sufficient number of sampled perturbations, the lower bound may be established. Therefore, actual controlled system operations may proceed, again employing random perturbations until operation of the system close to the known lower bound is substantially attained.