The invention provides compositions featuring chitosan and methods for using such compositions for the local delivery of biologically active agents to an open fracture, complex wound or other site of infection. Advantageously, the degradation and drug elution profiles of the chitosan compositions can be tailored to the needs of particular patients at the point of care (e.g., in a surgical suite, clinic, physician's office, or other clinical setting).

The invention provides compositions featuring chitosan and methods for using such compositions for the local delivery of biologically active agents to an open fracture, complex wound or other site of infection. Advantageously, the degradation and drug elution profiles of the chitosan compositions can be tailored to the needs of particular patients at the point of care (e.g., in a surgical suite, clinic, physician's office, or other clinical setting).

Methods to fabricate objects by 3D printing of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) and copolymers thereof have been developed. In one method, these objects are produced by continuous fused filament fabrication using an apparatus and conditions that overcome the problems of poor feeding of the filament resulting from the low softening temperature of the filament and heat creep along the fed filament. Methods using an apparatus including a heat sink, a melt tube, a heating block and nozzle, and a transition zone between the heat sink and heating block, with the melt tube extending through the heat sink, transition zone, and heat block to the nozzle are disclosed. 3D objects are also printed by fused pellet deposition (FPD), melt extrusion deposition (MED), selective laser melting (SLM), printing of slurries and solutions using a coagulation bath, and printing using a binding solution and polymer granules.

An antibacterial implantable medical device or medical material. The surface of an implantable medical device or medical material has a titanium coating formed thereon. Titanium nitride nanowires are formed that extend from the titanium coating at a selected angle to exert a mechanical force on bacteria bilayer membranes sufficient to at least partially disrupt the bacteria bilayer membranes. In one aspect, the titanium nitride nanowires are formed from grown titanium dioxide nanowires by converting the titanium dioxide nanowires to titanium nitride in a heated nitrogen-containing environment. The titanium nitride nanowires are optionally charged to further enhance antibacterial properties.

An antibacterial implantable medical device or medical material. The surface of an implantable medical device or medical material has a titanium coating formed thereon. Titanium nitride nanowires are formed that extend from the titanium coating at a selected angle to exert a mechanical force on bacteria bilayer membranes sufficient to at least partially disrupt the bacteria bilayer membranes. In one aspect, the titanium nitride nanowires are formed from grown titanium dioxide nanowires by converting the titanium dioxide nanowires to titanium nitride in a heated nitrogen-containing environment. The titanium nitride nanowires are optionally charged to further enhance antibacterial properties.

A medical device includes a body defining an exterior surface, and a coating including a therapeutic agent-containing nanoparticle disposed on the exterior surface of the medical device. The nanoparticle may include a brush-arm star polymer. The therapeutic agent may be paclitaxel.

A medical device includes a body defining an exterior surface, and a coating including a therapeutic agent-containing nanoparticle disposed on the exterior surface of the medical device. The nanoparticle may include a brush-arm star polymer. The therapeutic agent may be paclitaxel.

In various aspects, the present disclosure pertains to methods of treating or preventing bleeding at a tissue site comprising applying a chitosan powder composition to the tissue site. In various aspects, the present disclosure pertains to chitosan powder compositions for application to a tissue site, where the powder compositions comprise a chitosan salt, a crosslinked chitosan, a derivatized chitosan, or a combination thereof. In various aspects, the disclosure pertains to catheter assemblies, which are preloaded with a chitosan powder composition and which are configured to deliver the chitosan powder composition a tissue site.

In various aspects, the present disclosure pertains to methods of treating or preventing bleeding at a tissue site comprising applying a chitosan powder composition to the tissue site. In various aspects, the present disclosure pertains to chitosan powder compositions for application to a tissue site, where the powder compositions comprise a chitosan salt, a crosslinked chitosan, a derivatized chitosan, or a combination thereof. In various aspects, the disclosure pertains to catheter assemblies, which are preloaded with a chitosan powder composition and which are configured to deliver the chitosan powder composition a tissue site.

A coating for a medical device is described. The coating comprises: a surface layer; and optionally a base layer; wherein the surface layer comprises a polymer chain attached to an anti-clotting group, wherein the anti-clotting group is selected from a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfamic acid group, a hydrogen sulfate group and a conjugate base thereof. Also described is a medical device comprising the coating, and uses and methods involving the coating and the medical device.