Disclosed is a concrete cover element for a breakwater or jetty construction. The cover element includes a plate portion and two noses. The plate portion lies in the xy-plane and has a thickness. The two noses project in opposite directions from the plate portion and form a single part with the plate portion. The plate portion is to be imagined as being formed from a quadrangular plate whose two opposite plate edges are incised in the middle to form a plate recess, and whose corners located on the first plate diagonal are both cut off along a first secant. The plate portion has a first dimension measured along the first plate diagonal and a second dimension measured along the second plate diagonal. The first dimension is smaller than the second dimension.

A modular foundation structure for artificial surface systems includes a structural base layer with a shaped rigid foam having contoured and elevated features, an adhesive layer covering the structural base layer, and an impact and thermal protective layer attached to the structural base layer via the adhesive layer. The impact and thermal protective layer is configured to support an artificial surface layer and has a relatively higher melting point and compression recovery factor than the structural base layer. The shaped rigid may be a closed-cell foam such as Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) or Expanded polyethylene (EPE), and the impact and thermal protective layer may be a bead molded Expanded Polypropylene (EPP) foam. The impact and thermal protective layer may have a melting point of about 300 degrees Fahrenheit, and the structural base layer has a melting point of less than 200 degrees Fahrenheit.

A modular foundation structure for artificial surface systems includes a structural base layer with a shaped rigid foam having contoured and elevated features, an adhesive layer covering the structural base layer, and an impact and thermal protective layer attached to the structural base layer via the adhesive layer. The impact and thermal protective layer is configured to support an artificial surface layer and has a relatively higher melting point and compression recovery factor than the structural base layer. The shaped rigid may be a closed-cell foam such as Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) or Expanded polyethylene (EPE), and the impact and thermal protective layer may be a bead molded Expanded Polypropylene (EPP) foam. The impact and thermal protective layer may have a melting point of about 300 degrees Fahrenheit, and the structural base layer has a melting point of less than 200 degrees Fahrenheit.

A revetment mat meeting ASTM D6460 performance standards, as well as provides transportation and installation advantages that is constructed from a combination of small square blocks and larger rectangular blocks linked together by a series of cables to form a generally rectangular shaped revetment mat having lifting loops which linked blocks form non-linear water flow passageways whose shapes are maintained utilizing rigid straps and flexible, hollow, tubular spacers that also permit the revetment mat to be rolled up for transportation from the fabrication site to the construction site where the revetment mats will be installed in a revetment system.

A revetment mat meeting ASTM D6460 performance standards, as well as provides transportation and installation advantages that is constructed from a combination of small square blocks and larger rectangular blocks linked together by a series of cables to form a generally rectangular shaped revetment mat having lifting loops which linked blocks form non-linear water flow passageways whose shapes are maintained utilizing rigid straps and flexible, hollow, tubular spacers that also permit the revetment mat to be rolled up for transportation from the fabrication site to the construction site where the revetment mats will be installed in a revetment system.

A low-impact water conserving dam includes a dam body and reinforcing ribs arranged on a rear portion of the dam body. The reinforcing ribs comprise transverse reinforcing ribs and vertical reinforcing ribs interlaced with the transverse reinforcing ribs. A front portion of the dam body is an inclined surface and a rear end of the dam body is a platform surface. A planting bin is arranged on the platform surface of the dam body for planting vegetation. A plurality of water flow through holes are arranged in a matrix manner at a bottom of the planting bin. A water storage bin is arranged in an interior of the dam body. The water flow through holes are communicated with the water storage bin. A water drainage channel communicated with the water storage bin is formed in a middle upper portion of the inclined surface of the dam body.

A low-impact water conserving dam includes a dam body and reinforcing ribs arranged on a rear portion of the dam body. The reinforcing ribs comprise transverse reinforcing ribs and vertical reinforcing ribs interlaced with the transverse reinforcing ribs. A front portion of the dam body is an inclined surface and a rear end of the dam body is a platform surface. A planting bin is arranged on the platform surface of the dam body for planting vegetation. A plurality of water flow through holes are arranged in a matrix manner at a bottom of the planting bin. A water storage bin is arranged in an interior of the dam body. The water flow through holes are communicated with the water storage bin. A water drainage channel communicated with the water storage bin is formed in a middle upper portion of the inclined surface of the dam body.

A caisson block construction method, including: manufacturing a plurality of bottom caisson blocks having a plurality of first unit compartments disposed consecutively in a horizontal direction; manufacturing a plurality of upper caisson blocks having a plurality of second unit compartments; forming a bottom caisson block structure by installing the plurality of bottom caisson blocks side by side in the horizontal direction; installing the plurality of upper caisson blocks above the W installed bottom caisson blocks; filling with rubble the second unit compartment of the upper caisson block positioned above the first unit compartment for rubble and exposed upward; inserting a vertical reinforcing bar module after the upper caisson blocks are installed; and forming a vertical concrete column for joining by casting concrete into the upper part of the second unit compartment in which the vertical reinforcing bar module is inserted.

A concrete block construction method, including: manufacturing a plurality of concrete blocks each having a vertical guide hole formed in a vertical direction; preparing a guide member for installing the concrete blocks; forming a lower concrete block structure by installing at least one of the concrete blocks; placing the concrete block subject to be installed on the lower concrete block structure by inserting the installation guide pole into the vertical guide hole of the concrete block subject to be installed; and separating and recovering the guide member for installing the concrete block from the concrete block subject to be installed, after placing the concrete block subject to be installed.

Disclosed is a universal mold having removable arm members and socket members that can be configured to fabricate the border blocks, the corner blocks and the interior blocks.