The invention is applicable in the field of retaining structures, known as reinforced soil. More specifically, it refers to a facing element for reinforced soil structures and excavation faces and to a structure for reinforcing slope and excavation faces made with the facing element provided for in the present invention. The facing element for reinforced soil structures and excavation faces provided for in the present invention is made of a natural origin material, composite, biological or synthetic, for example a biopolymer such as polylactic acid 100 percent genuine (PLA) or polylactic acid bonded with other elements (composite PLA), composite with a fibre material containing cellulose, such as WPC wood, or natural wood.

Multi-oriented segmental wall blocks, soil reinforcing system, and methods related thereto are disclosed. The wall block may be a concrete masonry block used for constructing retaining walls. The wall block may include a front face; a rear cavity opposing the front 5 face and formed by an inner rear face, an outer rear face on three sides of the inner rear face and spaced apart therefrom, and a shelf defined therein by the inner rear face and the outer rear face; a troughed top face residing between the front face and the outer rear face; a flat bottom face opposing the troughed top face; a first side face residing between the front face and the outer rear face, and between the troughed top face and the flat bottom face; a second side face opposing the first side face; a trough running along the length of the troughed top face.

Provided are a strip-type reinforcing material and a reinforcing material assembly having the same. The strip-type reinforcing material includes: strip bases extending in one direction and made of a flexible material; and resistance means protruding from respective upper and lower parts of the strip bases. Multiple resistance means are provided along the strip bases. The resistance means includes: a first resistance part protruding from the upper parts of the strip bases and having an opening being open in a direction parallel to a longitudinal direction of the strip bases; and a second resistance part protruding from the lower parts of the strip bases and having an opening being open in an opposite direction to the opening of the first resistance part.

Moulding insert (8) for a mould manufacturing a concrete facing block (4) for a reinforced-ground structure (90), said reinforced-ground structure comprising a facing formed by such facing blocks and a fill in which reinforcements connected to the facing are installed, the moulding insert (8) comprising a shell (1), delimiting a general space of a connection connecting a reinforcement (3) to the facing block, a core envelope (2) obtained by moulding the shell separately, the shell having a first lateral face (15) pierced with a first orifice (11), in which a first end portion (21) of the core envelope is fitted, characterised in that the core envelope is in the general form of a truncated cone.

An earth retention levee system is disclosed which is constructed from spaced apart facing parallel walls of interlocking sheet piles (1, 2) said sheet piles having outside faces (5) and inside faces (4) formed with gridspines (10) along a longitudinal extent thereof, said gridspines (10) being connected to adjacent edges of geogrids (20) which link said parallel walls and stabilise fill (21) disposed therebetween.

The system for constructing a retaining wall can be used to construct a segmental retaining wall for retaining earth, on either side, at two different levels. The system includes a plurality of blocks. Each block has laterally opposed first and second end portions, a central portion and a neck portion. The central portion is positioned between the first end portion and the neck portion, and the neck portion is positioned between the second end portion and the central portion. The central portion has a longitudinal length less than a longitudinal length of the first end portion, the second end portion has a longitudinal length less than the longitudinal length of the central portion, and the neck portion has a longitudinal length less than the longitudinal length of the second end portion. A plurality of pegs can vertically interlock adjacent blocks. Tie connectors can connect the blocks to an external pipe.

An expanded multilayer integral geogrid includes a plurality of oriented strands interconnected by partially oriented junctions having an array of openings therein that is produced from a coextruded or laminated multilayer polymer starting sheet. The integral geogrid has a multilayer construction, with at least one inner layer thereof having a structure that is expanded relative to at least one other layer of the multiple layers. By virtue of the expanded inner layer structure, the expanded multilayer integral geogrid provides for increased layer compressibility under load, resulting in enhanced material properties that provide performance benefits to use of the expanded multilayer integral geogrid in soil geosynthetic reinforcement, and economic benefits compared to a like integral geogrid without an expanded inner layer structure.

Provided are a strip-type reinforcing material and a reinforcing material assembly having the same. The strip-type reinforcing material includes: strip bases extending in one direction and made of a flexible material; and resistance means protruding from respective upper and lower parts of the strip bases. Multiple resistance means are provided along the strip bases. The resistance means includes: a first resistance part protruding from the upper parts of the strip bases and having an opening being open in a direction parallel to a longitudinal direction of the strip bases; and a second resistance part protruding from the lower parts of the strip bases and having an opening being open in an opposite direction to the opening of the first resistance part.

A confinement structure comprises one or more open cells (70) for confinement, in use, of particulate fill materials such as soil, sand or aggregate. The cells (70) comprise walls (72) formed of a composite material comprising a polymeric grid layer laminated to a fabric layer. The walls (72) may be formed from a strip of the composite material comprising one or more living hinges. The cells (70) may be provided with skirt portions (74) that extend from at least some of the walls (72).

An expanded multilayer integral geogrid includes a plurality of oriented strands interconnected by partially oriented junctions having an array of openings therein that is produced from a coextruded or laminated multilayer polymer starting sheet. The integral geogrid has a multilayer construction, with at least one inner layer thereof having a structure that is expanded relative to at least one other layer of the multiple layers. By virtue of the expanded inner layer structure, the expanded multilayer integral geogrid provides for increased layer compressibility under load, resulting in enhanced material properties that provide performance benefits to use of the expanded multilayer integral geogrid in soil geosynthetic reinforcement, and economic benefits compared to a like integral geogrid without an expanded inner layer structure.