A plasma-activated coating (PAC) process covalently binds enzymes in their bioactive state, has low thrombogenicity and can be robustly applied to medical devices, resisting delamination when deployed in vivo. Applying this process to attachment of proteins such as enzymes that inhibit thrombosis and anticoagulants such as heparin or heparin fragments, one can produce medical devices and other materials for use in vascular applications having a number of benefits including covalent attachment, not requiring intermediate linkers or chemistry; substrate independentworks on polymers, metals, ceramics, 3D shapes like stents, valves, etc.; bioactivity is retained; surface may retain greater bioactivity over time in vivo; Simultaneously supports endothelialization; can be stored for long periods, following freeze drying, and retains effectiveness when rehydrated and; surface is able to bind many fibrinolytic enzymes such as streptokinase, urokinase, tPA, plasmin).

An artificial blood vessel is composed of a cylindrical multiple-woven fabric structure allowing only a small amount of blood leakage and can achieve both antithrombogenicity and cellular affinity. The artificial blood vessel includes a cylindrical fabric structure in which a cylindrical fabric whose inside contacts blood is arranged, wherein the cylindrical fabric is a fabric prepared by interlacing a plurality of warp yarns and a plurality of weft yarns with each other into a cylindrical shape; the warp yarns and the weft yarns constituting the cylindrical fabric include a multifilament yarn having a single yarn fineness of not more than 0.50 dtex, and are bound to an antithrombogenic material; the antithrombogenic material forms an antithrombogenic material layer having a thickness of 1 to 600 nm inside the cylindrical fabric; and the water permeability under conditions where a pressure of 16 kPa is applied to the inner surface is less than 300 mL/cm.sup.2/min.

The present disclosure relates to medical devices using coated polymers, methods for reducing platelet attachment and/or fouling associated with medical devices, and methods for coating polymers. Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide a medical device comprising one or more polymeric materials coated with a hyperbranched polyglycerol.

The present disclosure relates to anti-fouling and/or anti-thrombotic medical devices, methods for reducing fouling and/or thrombosis associated with medical devices, and methods for coating substrates to reduce fouling and/or thrombosis. Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide an anti-fouling and/or anti-thrombotic medical device comprising a metallic substrate comprising a hyperbranched polyglycerol coating.

An antithrombogenic metallic material includes a metallic material whose surface is coated with a coating material, the coating material containing: a phosphonic acid derivative or a catechol derivative; a polymer containing, as a constituent monomer, a compound selected from the group consisting of alkyleneimines, vinylamines, allylamines, lysine, protamine, and diallyldimethylammonium chloride; and an anionic compound containing a sulfur atom and having anticoagulant activity; the polymer being covalently bound to the phosphonic acid derivative or the catechol derivative, the phosphonic acid derivative or the catechol derivative being bound to the metallic material through a phosphonic acid group or a catechol group thereof, wherein the abundance ratio of nitrogen atoms to the abundance of total atoms as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on the surface is 4.0 to 13.0 atomic percent.

There is described inter alia a medical device having a surface which comprises a coating layer, said coating layer being a biocompatible composition comprising an entity capable of interacting with mammalian blood to prevent coagulation or thrombus formation, which entity is covalently attached to said surface through a link comprising a 1,2,3-triazole.

According to the invention there is provided inter alia a process for the manufacture of a solid object having a surface comprising a layered coating of cationic and anionic polymer wherein the outer coating layer comprises an anticoagulant entity, comprising the steps of: i) treating a surface of the solid object with a cationic polymer; ii) treating the surface with an anionic polymer; iii) optionally repeating steps i) and ii) one or more times; iv) treating the surface with a cationic polymer; and v) treating the outermost layer of cationic polymer with an anticoagulant entity, thereby to covalently attach the anticoagulant entity to the outermost layer of cationic polymer; wherein, the anionic polymer is characterized by having (a) a total molecular weight of 650 kDa-10,000 kDa; and (b) a solution charge density of >4 ?eq/g; and wherein, step ii) is carried out at a salt concentration of 0.25 M-5.0 M.

There is described inter alia a medical device having a surface which comprises a coating layer, said coating layer being a biocompatible composition comprising an entity capable of interacting with mammalian blood to prevent coagulation or thrombus formation, which entity is covalently attached to said surface through a link comprising a 1,2,3-triazole.

The present invention relates to the coating of a range of functional heparins onto the surface of a substrate for which hemocompatibility is a key functional characteristic, such that the functionality of the functional heparin is maintained. The approach employs a metal coordination complex to bind to the substrate with the functional heparin binding to the metal coordination complex to thereby impart hemocompatibility.

The invention pertains to methods of treating alloys, particularly, biodegradable alloys containing Mg, Zn or Fe. The alloys can be treated with at least one of the following procedures: mechanical polishing, anodization, and polymer coating. Advantageously, methods provided herein enhance the anti-thrombogenicity of the alloy surface. Such materials can be used for preparing biomedical devices, such as endovascular implants, vascular implants, drug-eluting stents, orthopedic prostheses, or implantable chips. Methods of treating a subject by implanting the biomedical devices into the subject are also provided.