The present invention relates to systems and methods for reducing microbial contamination, particularly biofilm formation, in plumbing fixtures. In particular, the invention provides a computer implemented method for counteracting biofilm formation in a plumbing fixture, and a plumbing fixture in which the method may be applied. The method comprises: monitoring a parameter relating to microbial presence within the plumbing fixture, for example using a sensor; determining a level of risk related to biofilm formation based on the monitored parameter, for example based on sensor data; and in accordance with the determined level of risk, applying a countermeasure to the plumbing fixture in order to counteract biofilm formation.

A water drain management apparatus used in clinical facility (43) or other facility includes a manifold plumbing fitting (32, 272, 384). The fitting includes a plurality of drain outlet connections for water discharge devices (40, 42, 222, 226, 230, 234). Such water discharge devices may include devices such as autoclaves, sterilizers, cleaners, washers, filters, humidifiers, condensing devices and other devices used in the facility. A plurality of drain fitting openings in the body of the fitting are connectable to respective water discharge devices, and openings that are not utilized are closable with plugs. Some manifold fittings (272, 344, 384, 482) include an air gap opening (288, 360, 392, 530). These configurations provide an air gap that prevents contamination due to back flow of water within the fitting reaching water discharge devices or the body inlet of the manifold fitting.

A water drain management apparatus used in clinical facility (43) or other facility includes a manifold plumbing fitting (32, 272, 384). The fitting includes a plurality of drain outlet connections for water discharge devices (40, 42, 222, 226, 230, 234). Such water discharge devices may include devices such as autoclaves, sterilizers, cleaners, washers, filters, humidifiers, condensing devices and other devices used in the facility. A plurality of drain fitting openings in the body of the fitting are connectable to respective water discharge devices, and openings that are not utilized are closable with plugs. Some manifold fittings (272, 344, 384, 482) include an air gap opening (288, 360, 392, 530). These configurations provide an air gap that prevents contamination due to back flow of water within the fitting reaching water discharge devices or the body inlet of the manifold fitting.

Disclosed is a method for water saving by retrofitting an institutional plumbing fixture having a combination of an integral lavatory basin and a toilet bowel integrally attached thereto by inserting into the fixture a urinal-type collection receptacle having a water inlet opening on its top side and a water outlet opening on its bottom side; and fluidly interposing the receptacle via the inlet and outlet openings between the lavatory drain pipe and the drain trap provided for the plumbing fixture. Also disclosed is an institutional plumbing fixture retrofit for water saving, and a retrofit urinal-type receptacle.

Disclosed is a method for water saving by retrofitting an institutional plumbing fixture having a combination of an integral lavatory basin and a toilet bowel integrally attached thereto by inserting into the fixture a urinal-type collection receptacle having a water inlet opening on its top side and a water outlet opening on its bottom side; and fluidly interposing the receptacle via the inlet and outlet openings between the lavatory drain pipe and the drain trap provided for the plumbing fixture. Also disclosed is an institutional plumbing fixture retrofit for water saving, and a retrofit urinal-type receptacle.

A temporary restroom may form a complete enclosure, including a front wall, a back wall, two sidewalls, a floor, a ceiling, and a door. The front wall, the back wall, the two sidewalls, the floor and the ceiling each includes multiple support members, which together form a frame. Inside the enclosure, the temporary restroom includes a, coupled with a waste drainage pipe, a sink in, coupled with a water pipe and a waste water drainage pipe, and multiple connections for connecting the waste drainage pipe and the waste drainage pipe to waste plumbing, connecting the water pipe to water plumbing, and connecting the temporary restroom to a source of electric power. The temporary restroom does not include a waste storage tank or a built-in source of water.

A temporary restroom may form a complete enclosure, including a front wall, a back wall, two sidewalls, a floor, a ceiling, and a door. The front wall, the back wall, the two sidewalls, the floor and the ceiling each includes multiple support members, which together form a frame. Inside the enclosure, the temporary restroom includes a, coupled with a waste drainage pipe, a sink in, coupled with a water pipe and a waste water drainage pipe, and multiple connections for connecting the waste drainage pipe and the waste drainage pipe to waste plumbing, connecting the water pipe to water plumbing, and connecting the temporary restroom to a source of electric power. The temporary restroom does not include a waste storage tank or a built-in source of water.

An apron sink kit is provided for installing an apron sink in a pre-existing cabinet. The sink includes at least one basin with rims extending outward from the top edges of the left and right walls and the front and back walls. An apron extends downward from the outer edge of the front wall rim and for a selected length along the sides of the sink. The sink is vertically supported by a cabinet rail under the apron and by the back and side edges of the counter top for top mounting or mounting underneath a cabinet top.

An apron sink kit is provided for installing an apron sink in a pre-existing cabinet. The sink includes at least one basin with rims extending outward from the top edges of the left and right walls and the front and back walls. An apron extends downward from the outer edge of the front wall rim and for a selected length along the sides of the sink. The sink is vertically supported by a cabinet rail under the apron and by the back and side edges of the counter top for top mounting or mounting underneath a cabinet top.

A fluid treatment and disposal system includes a sink, having a basin, a sink drain inlet, and a sink drain trap. An open cavity is disposed behind a rearward wall of the sink basin, between a top portion of the sink and the sink drain trap. A curved transition surface receives fluid entering the sink. Embodiments of the drain are shaped to promote the evacuation of fluid from the basin while limiting turbulence. An exhaust port fluidly coupled with the open cavity evacuates the open cavity and surrounding environment. Embodiments optionally associate one or more of the following with the open cavity: Ultra-Violet (UV) Germicidal Lights, and Ozone water, copper-silver ionization, and/or sanitizing agent injection systems.