A method of manufacturing a pre-stressed beam or panel and the resulting beam or panel are described. The method includes providing a timber-based component (1); providing a pre-stressing member (9) arranged along the timber-based component; applying a tensile force to the pre-stressing member (9); providing concrete anchors (11a, 11b) at locations that are spaced apart along the timber-based component (1); coupling the pre-stressing member (9) to the concrete anchors (11a, 11b); and releasing the tensile force on the pre-stressing member (9) to transfer a compressive force to the timber-based component (1) through the concrete anchors (11a, 11b) to form a pre-stressed beam or panel.

A method of manufacturing a pre-stressed beam or panel and the resulting beam or panel are described. The method includes providing a timber-based component (1); providing a pre-stressing member (9) arranged along the timber-based component; applying a tensile force to the pre-stressing member (9); providing concrete anchors (11a, 11b) at locations that are spaced apart along the timber-based component (1); coupling the pre-stressing member (9) to the concrete anchors (11a, 11b); and releasing the tensile force on the pre-stressing member (9) to transfer a compressive force to the timber-based component (1) through the concrete anchors (11a, 11b) to form a pre-stressed beam or panel.

The tie rod for structural projects for the protection of structures for earthquake and wind is comprised of a cast iron base (7) which has a bolt (4) passing through a hole, which is surrounded by threaded ring (5) with handles (6). A base plate (2) that sits on the bolt and turns with a ball bearing. A steel cable (9) passes through all; the one end of the cable is fixed to the base (2) with bolts (3). The other end leads to a member with blades around it (10), (12), (13), (14) which open and close around the member (17) with the help of bars (11) connected around the axis of the member with pins. To the other end, they are connected with pins to the blades. The rod presses the structure to the ground by a bolt connected to a cable which pulls a member (17) with blades which open against the sides of a hole drilled on the ground and pull the building towards the ground decreasing torque created by the forces of an earthquake or the wind. It is used on buildings with a frame, continuous building, wood frame houses with storm problems, cable bridges, loose ground slopes, etc.

The tie rod for structural projects for the protection of structures for earthquake and wind is comprised of a cast iron base (7) which has a bolt (4) passing through a hole, which is surrounded by threaded ring (5) with handles (6). A base plate (2) that sits on the bolt and turns with a ball bearing. A steel cable (9) passes through all; the one end of the cable is fixed to the base (2) with bolts (3). The other end leads to a member with blades around it (10), (12), (13), (14) which open and close around the member (17) with the help of bars (11) connected around the axis of the member with pins. To the other end, they are connected with pins to the blades. The rod presses the structure to the ground by a bolt connected to a cable which pulls a member (17) with blades which open against the sides of a hole drilled on the ground and pull the building towards the ground decreasing torque created by the forces of an earthquake or the wind. It is used on buildings with a frame, continuous building, wood frame houses with storm problems, cable bridges, loose ground slopes, etc.

In an LNG tank, a dike is formed by arranging precast blocks in the circumferential direction and layering the precast blocks in the vertical direction. Each of the precast blocks has loop joints on the top, bottom, left, and right side faces, and concrete is deposited between each two precast blocks adjacent in the circumferential direction and the vertical direction, whereby masonry joints are formed in the vertical direction and the circumferential direction. Prestress is imparted to the dike by PC steel members. The PC steel members are provided in the circumferential direction and the vertical direction of the dike, and are arranged so as to avoid the masonry joints in the circumferential direction and the vertical direction. Therefore, it is possible to construct the dike in a short time, and it is possible to provide a tank or the like that can reduce the construction period.

A foundation system for a tower, such as a wind turbine, includes a central hub assembly, a plurality of post-tensioned concrete beams, and an anchoring system associated with each beam. In use the foundation system is arranged so that the bottom surfaces of the concrete beams bear on soil and the anchoring is disposed within the soil. The beams can be inverted bulb-T beams having post-tensioning cables inserted there-through and cooperating with an oppositely disposed related beam. The central hub assembly can include a plurality of stacked disk elements or steel frame elements that are post-tensioned together to form a single hub structure.

A foundation system for a tower, such as a wind turbine, includes a central hub assembly, a plurality of post-tensioned concrete beams, and an anchoring system associated with each beam. In use the foundation system is arranged so that the bottom surfaces of the concrete beams bear on soil and the anchoring is disposed within the soil. The beams can be inverted bulb-T beams having post-tensioning cables inserted there-through and cooperating with an oppositely disposed related beam. The central hub assembly can include a plurality of stacked disk elements or steel frame elements that are post-tensioned together to form a single hub structure.

A foundation system for a tower, such as a wind turbine, includes a central hub assembly, a plurality of post-tensioned concrete beams, and an anchoring system associated with each beam. In use the foundation system is arranged so that the bottom surfaces of the concrete beams bear on soil and the anchoring is disposed within the soil. The beams can be inverted bulb-T beams having post-tensioning cables inserted there-through and cooperating with an oppositely disposed related beam. The central hub assembly can include a plurality of stacked disk elements or steel frame elements that are post-tensioned together to form a single hub structure.

A foundation system for a tower, such as a wind turbine, includes a central hub assembly, a plurality of post-tensioned concrete beams, and an anchoring system associated with each beam. In use the foundation system is arranged so that the bottom surfaces of the concrete beams bear on soil and the anchoring is disposed within the soil. The beams can be inverted bulb-T beams having post-tensioning cables inserted there-through and cooperating with an oppositely disposed related beam. The central hub assembly can include a plurality of stacked disk elements or steel frame elements that are post-tensioned together to form a single hub structure.

A concrete structural element is provided that includes a concrete matrix; a steel reinforcing structure embedded in said matrix; at least first and second attitude sensors at a distance from one another in a direction, embedded in said matrix and fixed to said reinforcing structure; and a processing circuit configured to recover attitude measurements supplied by each attitude sensor and configured to compute a deformation of said structural element relative to said direction as a function of the attitude measurements recovered.