A building assembly system that comprises thermoformed high density polyethylene molded components filled with high density polyurethane foam. The molded components are configured in a cube or triangle form and secured against a steel frame to provide a habitable constructed unit. The composition of the high density polyethylene molded components filled with high density polyurethane foam in combination with its connection with a steel frame meets standards for the American Society for Testing and Materials for a habitable structure used by humans. The habitable structure can be used on land or water.

Methods for designing a bio-climatically adapted affordable Zero-Energy prefabricated modular building such as for housing, in which a Layered disposition of Envelope elementsincluding Structural Insulated Panelsin the wall, floor and roof sections, provide a highly energy-efficient Building Envelope, which together with a modular building Support Structure including Aeriated Frames, and an adequately sized renewable energy power generator system, inexpensively achieves the energetic independence of the building. In these methods, different possible configurations of the relevant elements of the Building Envelope, the building structure and the renewable power generator system are evaluated, discarding those configurations which don't meet the defined acceptable criteria for energy-efficiency, thermal isolation and water condensation risks. The building has a low environmental impact thanks to reduced greenhouse emissions during its construction and its useful life.

An affordable Zero-Energy prefabricated modular building such as for housing, in which a Layered disposition of Envelope elementsincluding Structural Insulated Panelsin the wall, floor and roof sections of the building's thermal Envelope, provide a highly energy-efficient Building Envelope, which together with a modular building Support Structure including Aeriated Frames, and an adequately sized renewable energy power generator system, inexpensively achieves the energetic independence of the building. A method is disclosed for the adaptation of the building's design and construction to the bio-climatic conditions of its projected location, in which different possible configurations of the relevant elements of the Building Envelope, the building structure and the renewable power generator system are evaluated, discarding those configurations which don't meet the defined acceptable criteria for energy-efficiency, thermal isolation and water condensation risks. The building has a low environmental impact thanks to reduced greenhouse emissions during its construction and useful life.

A modular building unit for construction of a building comprises a structural frame 40 suitable for interconnection to another modular building unit in construction of the building; and a stud frame wall 80/82 internal to and fixed to the frame. The modular building unit is suitable for handling as a shipping container for transport.

Aspects described herein are directed to compositions, systems, and methods of manufacturing a polymer-based construction material comprising polymeric resin, filler such as calcium carbonate (CaCO.sub.3), and titanium oxide (TiO.sub.2). A surface of the polymer-based construction material may be treated such that the surface energy is increased from the material's inherent value to a predetermined value of at least 40 dynes/cm.sup.2. Further, the surface energy of the treated surface may persist within 20% of the predetermined value for at least three days.

A booth includes a replaceable side wall that surrounds an internal space to be used by a user, and the side wall is provided with at least one entrance/exit door.

The present disclosure provides a modular housing structure formed of Reinforced Insulated XPS Styrofoam Panels, RIPs. XPS Styrofoam is an extremely durable material with excellent insulator properties and good structural integrity that can be used to assemble and disassemble large structures quickly and easily due to its light weight. The structure is secured with a set of reinforcing elements that solidify and form connections between the XPS Styrofoam wall panels. The modular housing structure may comprise an inner wall and outer wall with a void between them for improved heat retention, and has a regular arrangement of openings on each wall element to facilitate the quick addition of standard house fixings and circuitry.

A modular building unit for construction of a building comprises a structural frame 40 suitable for interconnection to another modular building unit in construction of the building; and a stud frame wall 80/82 internal to and fixed to the frame. The modular building unit is suitable for handling as a shipping container for transport.

A tile setting structure comprises a floor panel and a plurality of wall panels each attached to either the floor panel or one of the other wall panels with a waterproof caulk. Each of the wall panels includes a first rigid layer, a second rigid layer attached to the first rigid layer by a thinset mortar, and a waterproofing layer formed of a flexible material and attached to the second rigid layer by the thinset mortar.

A modular commercial structure for use on a floor in an area having an electric power source coupled thereto includes a first exterior module, a second exterior module, an interior module, a conveyance mechanism and a distribution system. The first exterior module, the second exterior module and the interior module each defines an interior space therein. The conveyance mechanism selectively facilitates movement the modules so that the modular commercial structure has a first configuration in which the modules are brought together to prevent access to the interior spaces and so that the modular commercial structure has a second configuration in which the modules are spaced apart sufficiently to provide access to the interior spaces therein. The distribution system distributes electric power to the electrical wiring system of each module.