Given the complexity of architectural spaces and the need to calculate spherical irradiances, it is difficult to determine how much ultraviolet radiation is necessary to adequately kill airborne pathogens. An interior environment with luminaires is modeled. Spherical irradiance meters are positioned in the model and the direct and indirect spherical irradiance is calculated for each sensor. From this, an irradiance field is interpolated for a volume of interest, and using known fluence response values for killing pathogens, a reduction in the pathogens is predicted. Based on the predicted reduction, spaces are built accordingly, and ultraviolet luminaires are installed and controlled.

Disclosed is an internal circulation type lampblack purifier. The internal circulation type lampblack purifier comprises a shell, an air inlet, an air outlet, an air inlet channel, an air outlet channel, a fan device, a mechanical grease separator, a gas purification device and a cooling device, wherein the air inlet and the air outlet are arranged on the shell; the mechanical grease separator is arranged at the air inlet or in the air inlet channel; and the cooling device is arranged at the air outlet and comprises a water supply pipe, water spray guide plates, a water mist baffle plate, a spray pipe and a water receiving tank, the spray pipe communicates with the water supply pipe, spray nozzles are arranged on the spray pipe and face the water spray guide plates, the water receiving tank is located below the water spray guide plates, and the water mist baffle plate is provided with blades at certain gaps. According to the internal circulation type lampblack purifier, the cooling device is arranged, so that the temperature of discharged gas is effectively reduced, high-temperature water vapor in the discharged gas is eliminated, and the influence of the high-temperature water vapor on the indoor environment is prevented.

An air cleaning apparatus including a housing that includes one or more intake vents and one or more exhaust vents. The air cleaning apparatus also can include an air chamber within the housing. The air cleaning apparatus additionally can include one or more disinfecting lights directed toward the air chamber. The air cleaning apparatus further can include a fan operable to perform moving air from outside the housing in a first direction through the one or more intake vents and into the air chamber to be exposed to the one or more disinfecting lights, and, after the air is exposed within the air chamber to the one or more disinfecting lights, moving the air from of the air chamber through the one or more exhaust vents in one or more second directions that are other than approximately parallel to the first direction. The air cleaning apparatus additionally can include a vortex reflector positioned adjacent to the air chamber and across from the one or more disinfecting lights. The air cleaning apparatus further can include vortex-inducing walls within the air chamber. Other embodiments are described.

A germicidal duct assembly that includes an inlet assembly, an irradiation chamber, and an outlet assembly is presented herein. The inlet assembly includes an inlet duct connected at one end to the irradiation chamber and at the other end to a vent. A fan is used to draw air into the inlet assembly and to the irradiation chamber. The outlet assembly includes an outlet duct connected at one end to the irradiation chamber and at the other end to a vent. A fan is used to facilitate the flow of air from the irradiation chamber through the outlet duct. The irradiation chamber includes at least one elongated ultraviolet light source disposed in an oblique manner relative to a longitudinal axis of said irradiation chamber in order to increase the exposure time of the air as it travels through the inlet ducts to irradiation chamber and out of the outlet ducts.

In one embodiment, a light emitting device comprises one or more first light sources emitting UV-C light downward to irradiate the environment below the light emitting device (such as air and the floor and other surfaces). In another embodiment, the light emitting device comprises one or more second light sources emitting UV-C light of a different peak wavelength than the first light sources oriented to emit light upward to irradiate the environment above the light emitting device (such as air, the ceiling, and other surfaces). In one embodiment, one or more first light sources and the one or more second light sources emit light at different, independent duty cycles.

In one embodiment, a system for reducing pathogenic bioburden in an environment comprises a light emitting device comprising one or more light sources emitting UV-C light, two or more sensors generating environmental data, and a processor communicatively coupled to the two or more sensors and the light emitting device, the processor performing an analysis on the environmental data from each sensor of the two or more sensors and adjusting the light flux emitted from the light emitting device based at least in part on the environmental data from the two or more sensors. The light flux emitted from the light emitting device may be adjusted based at least on temperature, humidity, and occupancy of the environment sensed by the two or more sensors.

A versatile air purification system is disclosed herein. The invention harnesses reflective light trapping components capable of circulating high-intensity visible and infrared radiation. Passing air absorbs a part of the energy in aerosols as viruses and bacteria. Excessive energy consequently induces denaturation of biomacromolecules and can trigger chemical and physical disinfection mechanisms to airborne pathogens. This technology is also compatible with various HVAC systems, like those of medical facilities, buildings, and vehicles, and can be utilized for other fluids too. The system can further be applied as a distinct, portable air purification apparatus.

A sensor system useable in conjunction with one or more environmental fixtures is disclosed. Each of the fixtures preferably includes illumination functionality as well as UV sterilization functionality provided by a fan and UV LED chips in the fixture. One of the fixtures is preferably programmed as a master which executes a control algorithm to control and/or monitor the system. The sensor module includes a plurality of sensors for sensing different environmental conditions where the system is utilized. These sensed conditions are provided to the master fixture, whose control algorithm can use the sensed conditions to control one or more functions in each of the fixtures, such as illumination, UV sterilization, and/or fan speed. The master fixture can output necessary controls to other secondary fixtures in the environment. The system may further communicate with or include external devices that can wirelessly communicate with the system using an application.

A portable disinfecting apparatus with effective disinfection properties against pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses is disclosed. Embodiments of the portable disinfecting apparatus include a portable sterilization box having at least one path configured to receive drawn air and to irradiate the drawn air with UV radiation along the path to produce disinfected air. The path may be provided using baffles that are configured, for example, in a serpentine or spiral configuration to provide a non-linear flow path for the air. The UV light sources, such as UV LEDs may be mounted on the baffles. Embodiments of the apparatus include an intake tube connected to the sterilization box for drawing air into the sterilization box from a point high within the room that is to be disinfected. The disinfected air is released from the sterilization box a point lower in the room. As the air is slightly heated during the disinfection process, drawing in air from high in the room and releasing the disinfected air lower in the room provides circulation and mixing of the disinfected air.

An air conditioning device is disclosed. The present air conditioning device comprises: a photocatalytic filter including a space through which air can pass and having a transition metal oxide formed in a nanotube form on the surface thereof, the transition metal oxide removing gases included in the air and including at least one of TiO.sub.2, ZnO, NiO, and WO.sub.3; and a light source for emitting light to the photocatalytic filter.