An elongated building element (14) having a pair of longitudinally extending generally parallel co-extensive side walls (15) joined by transverse webs (16). The walls (15) and webs (16) enclose a longitudinally extending space (30) within which there is located a tube (31). The tube (31) is connected to the walls (15) and webs (16) by flanges (33). The tube (31) provides a space (33) with the spaces (30, 33) being intended to be filled with concrete. The building element (14) is intended to be attached to light elements (14) to form a wall.

A ballistic panel formed with a ballistic material, the panel comprising: a panel with a filled void; wherein the filled void is filled with a ballistic replacement material; and wherein the filled void exhibits ballistic properties equivalent to the ballistic panel formed with the ballistic material; wherein the ballistic replacement material and the ballistic material comprise between about 1121 kg/cubic meter (about 70 pounds per cubic foot) and about 1442 kg/cubic meter (about 90 pounds per cubic foot); and wherein the ballistic replacement material and the ballistic material comprise: about 1 part by mass Portland cement; about 0.5 to 1.5 part by mass fine aggregate; and about 0.0005 to 0.05 part by mass air entrainment additive; about 0.005 to 0.15 part by mass fiber; about 0.005 to 0.05 part by mass aluminum hydroxide and about 0.005 to 0.05 part by mass calcium phosphate.

An elongated building element (14) having a pair of longitudinally extending generally parallel co-extensive side walls (15) joined by transverse webs (16). The walls (15) and webs (16) enclose a longitudinally extending space (30) within which there is located a tube (31). The tube (31) is connected to the walls (15) and webs (16) by flanges (33). The tube (31) provides a space (33) with the spaces (30, 33) being intended to be filled with concrete. The building element (14) is intended to be attached to light elements (14) to form a wall.

A prefabricated wall panel defines a panel plane and a peripheral edge includes a plurality of material layers parallel to the panel plane and superimposed on one another, including a load-bearing layer made of reinforced cement, a protective layer distanced from the load-bearing layer, and a heat-insulating layer formed on a side of the load-bearing layer opposite to the protective layer. An air circulation gap is formed between two layers of the material layers so as to separate the two layers from each other. The air circulation gap is open on the entire peripheral edge. A plurality of spacer connectors extends in a direction transversal to the panel plane through the air circulation gap, each spacer connector having a first anchoring end fixed in the protective layer and a second anchoring end fixed in the load-bearing layer.

Disclosed are various secure enclosures and associated composite construction methods. The described enclosures preferably utilize one or more prefabricated concrete walls that are mated to one or more metal panels. The panels include hollow ends that are secured to anchors formed within the prefabricated walls. This connection joins the concrete wall and the metal panel in a secure and tamper proof manner. The disclosed methods allow enclosures to be quickly constructed and easily configured depending upon the particular needs of the facility. The enclosures are cost effective, scalable, and easy to assemble.

An aspect concerns a method (10) of producing a precast building product. The method (10) includes providing a mould (26) to receive a pourable building substance to be cured. The method further includes the steps of pouring the building substance into the mould and allowing the poured building substance to cure inside the mould to form a sold mass body. The method further includes providing a wire-cutting assembly operatively associated with the mould and cutting the solid mass body inside the mould into separate building products.

A lifting and jacking apparatus including a void former configured for embedment in a concrete slab before pouring of the concrete slab and a lifting bail removably insertable in and securely attachable to the void former. The void former includes a built in jacking screw configured to assist in adjusting the height of the concrete slab.

Methods, systems, and an apparatus for constructing a termination point in a wall are provided. A stop bead apparatus is attached to exterior sheathing of the wall at a terminating location of the wall. An edge of a rigid, cured cement board is inserted into a gap formed between a base panel and a front wall of the stop bead apparatus. The cement board is secured to the exterior sheathing, wherein at least a portion of the base panel of the stop bead apparatus is positioned between the exterior sheathing and the cement board. A finish layer is applied to an exterior surface of the cement board.

Mat-faced cementitious board including: (a) a cementitious core; (b) a fibrous mat having an inner first surface facing at least one face of the cementitious core, and an outer second surface, wherein the inner first surface and the outer second surface are opposed; (c) a hydrophobic, non-setting coating resulting from applying to the outer second surface of the fibrous mat a layer of hydrophobic finish composition including: (i) about 50 to about 80 weight % non-setting, inorganic filler having a mean particle diameter of about 12 microns to about 35 microns, (ii) about 20% to about 50 weight % an aqueous dispersion of a film-forming polymer, (iii) 0% to about 30 weight % additional water; (iv) an absence of fly ash, (v) an absence of pozzolanic material, (vi) an absence of hydraulic cement, (vii) an absence of calcium sulfate hemihydrate, and (viii) an absence of calcium sulfate anhydrite.

This invention is an additively manufactured wall panel using computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) to design and manufacture multi-colored and multi-layered wall panels. This results in a variety of highly attractive, multi-colored wall panel faces ranging from brick, colored grout lines and multi-colored stones to multi-colored geometric designs. The design and manufacturing process greatly reduces the amount of precast cementitious materials by efficiently using higher quality materials. This reduces cost and weight while simultaneously producing a much more comprehensive, multi-functional wall panel complete with an interior frame, exterior insulation and an air, vapor and moisture barriers.