A structural panel for building construction includes a series of truss members, and accompanying sinusoidal support elements in welded communication and enclosed in a planarly extended foam layer. Together, the structural panel allows for easy and efficient off-site assembly, which creates a lightweight panel with an increased weight-bearing capacity using inexpensive and versatile materials.

Stay-in-place forms and methods and equipment for installing thereof. A concrete form includes a vertical component and a horizontal component, the vertical component located substantially perpendicular to the horizontal component. Also, the form includes an interior surface, at least a portion of the interior surface providing a form for supporting uncured concrete; wherein the uncured concrete forms a concrete structural portion upon curing of the uncured concrete; and wherein the interior surface remains attached to the concrete structural portion after curing. The form may include inserts and compatible form attachments. Also, forms including recesses may be utilized to reduce the weight thereof. Lifting equipment and accessories may be utilized to lift the form from a form holder and set same in place. Forms contain the work area as soon as it is installed to minimize fall hazards and the time, costs, and downtime associated with installation of safety measures.

Reinforcing panel having high durability, high strength, and high hardness is applied such that a concrete structure may be repaired to have excellent resistance to an external environment and to be structurally excellent. In comparison to existing bonding methods, a concrete structure and a reinforcing panel may be completely attached to each other as a whole using a repairing material with high fluidity as a cement-based material injected into a repair cross section. Part with microcracks is completely filled with repairing cement mortar injected at high pressure. Since reinforcing panel is precast-fabricated in a factory, embossing, intaglio, color, and the like may be easily added to an external surface of the reinforcing panel and an excellent exterior may be provided after repair due to an aesthetic cross section thereof The reinforcing panel fabricated in a factory is applied as to reduce labor costs and construction costs.

A prong is configured for use with a concrete reinforcement element and includes first and second legs positioned opposite first and second sides of the prong and a bridge portion connecting distal ends the legs, where the bridge portion forms a first end of the prong. The legs extend from the bridge portion to a second end of the prong opposite the first end, and each of the legs has a proximal end at the second end of the prong. The proximal end of the first leg is bent toward the second leg, and the proximal end of the second leg is bent toward the first leg, such that the proximal ends of the legs overlap each other. Inner surfaces of the proximal ends of the legs define engagement surfaces configured to engage a tie wire, enabling the proximal ends to be connected to the tie wire.

An assembly of concrete structural elements includes a precast concrete lower column, a precast concrete column capital supported on an upper end of the lower column, at least one precast concrete beam supported by the precast column capital, at least one slab supported by the at least one beam, an upper column extending above the lower column, and a poured concrete lap splice connecting the lower and upper columns, a volume of the lap splice being at least partially defined by the lower column, the column capital, the beam, the slab and the upper column. A method of making a lap splice comprises embedding splice reinforcement in each of opposed end of a pair of concrete structural elements such that the splice reinforcement extends out of each approximately as far as the structural reinforcement and overlaps the structural reinforcement within the opposed ends.

An assembly of concrete structural elements includes a precast concrete lower column, a precast concrete column capital supported on an upper end of the lower column, at least one precast concrete beam supported by the precast column capital, at least one slab supported by the at least one beam, an upper column extending above the lower column, and a poured concrete lap splice connecting the lower and upper columns, a volume of the lap splice being at least partially defined by the lower column, the column capital, the beam, the slab and the upper column. A method of making a lap splice comprises embedding splice reinforcement in each of opposed end of a pair of concrete structural elements such that the splice reinforcement extends out of each approximately as far as the structural reinforcement and overlaps the structural reinforcement within the opposed ends.

An assembly of concrete structural elements includes a precast concrete lower column, a precast concrete column capital supported on an upper end of the lower column, at least one precast concrete beam supported by the precast column capital, at least one slab supported by the at least one beam, an upper column extending above the lower column, and a poured concrete lap splice connecting the lower and upper columns, a volume of the lap splice being at least partially defined by the lower column, the column capital, the beam, the slab and the upper column. A method of making a lap splice comprises embedding splice reinforcement in each of opposed end of a pair of concrete structural elements such that the splice reinforcement extends out of each approximately as far as the structural reinforcement and overlaps the structural reinforcement within the opposed ends.

An assembly of concrete structural elements includes a precast concrete lower column, a precast concrete column capital supported on an upper end of the lower column, at least one precast concrete beam supported by the precast column capital, at least one slab supported by the at least one beam, an upper column extending above the lower column, and a poured concrete lap splice connecting the lower and upper columns, a volume of the lap splice being at least partially defined by the lower column, the column capital, the beam, the slab and the upper column. A method of making a lap splice comprises embedding splice reinforcement in each of opposed end of a pair of concrete structural elements such that the splice reinforcement extends out of each approximately as far as the structural reinforcement and overlaps the structural reinforcement within the opposed ends.

A support member for a man-made structure includes support member being at least partially underground and including a poured filler and at least two hollow rebars embedded within said poured filler thereby displacing a volume of said poured filler equal to the volume of said embedded at least two hollow rebars, a first hollow rebar of said at least two hollow rebars being a downward flow geothermal underground loop segment and having an inlet at its top, and a second hollow rebar of said at least two hollow rebars being an upward flow geothermal underground loop segment and having an outlet at its top.

A solid reinforced concrete column and a method of constructing the same are disclosed. The solid reinforced concrete column includes outer main reinforcing bars, inner reinforcing bars, inner transverse reinforcing bars, outer transverse reinforcing bars, and concrete. The outer main reinforcing bars are arranged in an axial direction. The inner reinforcing bars are each arranged to be placed between two or three of the outer main reinforcing bars inside the two or three outer main reinforcing bars in the axial direction. The inner transverse reinforcing bars are each arranged to connect the two or three outer main reinforcing bars and the inner reinforcing bar in a transverse direction. The outer transverse reinforcing bars are arranged to surround the outer main reinforcing bars outside the outer main reinforcing bars in the transverse direction. The concrete is placed to bury the reinforcing bars.