A panel which may be used as a part of a surface covering system, such as that for a wall or a ceiling, and which is useful to provide easy installation, durability, beneficial fire preventive performance, resistance to mold growth, and resistance to moisture. The panels may have a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a side surface extending between the first and second major surfaces. The panel may be formed from polyvinyl chloride present in an amount from about 45 to about 70 wt. %; carbonate present in an amount from about 10 to about 31 wt. %; stearate present in an amount from about 1 to about 6 wt. %; and aluminum hydroxide present in an amount from about 10 to about 30 wt. %.

A textured cladding element can be manufactured to approximate the aesthetic and functional properties or natural wood siding and/or shingles. The cladding element can comprise non-wood material, such as fiber cement. The cladding element can include a step and a recessed portion or cove which enables the element to have a relatively low thickness while also achieving a desirable drip edge and/or shadow line when multiple cladding elements are overlapping when installed in a finished product.

Disclosed herein is a fiber cement cladding system such as fiber cement shingles or shakes which can have the appearance of authentic wood. Each individual fiber cement shingle or shake comprises a textured surface having a depth of relief and a coating system disposed on the textured surface. The coating system may include a sealing agent, a basecoat, and a topcoat. In some embodiments, the basecoat is disposed on at least a portion of the sealing agent and the topcoat is disposed on at least a portion of the basecoat. In some embodiments, the basecoat comprises a DFT of 1 to 3 mils and the topcoat comprises a DFT of 0.05 to 2 mils. In some embodiments, the depth of relief of the textured surface of the fiber cement shingle is about 0.045 to 0.085.

The present invention relates to a multi-layered sheet suitable as floor or wall covering exhibiting a three-dimensional surface relief and a decorative image, comprising: i. a support layer having an upper surface and a lower surface; ii. a foamed layer having an upper surface and a lower surface, the lower surface of the foamed layer provided adjacent, and adherent to the upper surface of the support layer, the upper surface of the foamed layer comprising a discontinuous chemically embossed relief pattern, wherein the discontinuous chemically embossed relief pattern comprises indentations formed by single or stacked dots of a digitally printed material comprising a foam inhibiting agent; and optionally iii. a decorative layer adhered to the upper surface of the foamed layer; and optionally iv. at least one wear resistant layer provided adjacent and adhered to the decorative layer; and optionally v. a backing layer provided adjacent and adhered to the lower surface of the support layer.

Provided is a matte article that has excellent matte effect visibility and texture as well as an excellent rough touch. A matte article having, on at least a part of a surface thereof, a surface shape with an Spc (arithmetic mean curvature of protrusion vertexes) of more than 4000 mm.sup.?1 as specified in JIS B0601:2013 and an Rsm (average length of curve elements) of 30 ?m or more as specified in JIS B0601:2013.

A concrete wall has a back surface supported by a back panel while a decorative material is applied to an opposing front surface of the wall by hand or by pneumatic projection while the surface is still plastic, and without using bonding agents. The decorative material may be further exposed by a surface treatment before or after the front surface is floated and finished, with a sealant optionally applied thereafter. The front surface may be created by pneumatic methods or by pouring concrete into forms and removing the front panel to expose the front surface while it is still plastic but hydrated enough not to slump.

A decorative sheet includes a substrate, a surface protective layer that covers the substrate, and raised portions situated between the substrate and the surface protective layer. The raised portions face first regions of the surface protective layer. The raised portions include a first binder resin, and first particles of which an average particle size is 10 ?m or more. The surface protective layer includes a second binder resin, and second particles of which an average particle size is 10 ?m or more and 20 ?m or less. An average thickness of the raised portions is 20 ?m or more. An average thickness of the surface protective layer is 3 ?m or more and 15 ?m or less.

Decorative panel comprising a substrate and a top layer, wherein said top layer optionally is provided with a main surface top coating provided thereon and said decorative panel at at least one upper edge is provided with a lowered edge region, wherein at least a portion of said lowered edge region is provided with a lowered edge top coating, wherein said lowered edge top coating is transparent or translucent.

A water impervious wall panel system includes an intermediate first wall panel composed of a waterproof core and a decorative surfacing attached to the core, wherein the intermediate first wall panel is provided with tongue-and-groove edges. The water impervious wall panel system also includes an end second wall panel composed of a waterproof core and a decorative surfacing attached to the core, wherein the end second wall panel is provided with a tongue-and-groove edge and a rolled edge. One of the tongue-and-groove edges of the intermediate first wall panel and the tongue-and-groove edge of the end second wall panel form an interlocking system having a contact area adjacent to a front face of the intermediate first wall panel and the end second wall panel and a gap adjacent a rear face of the intermediate first wall panel and the end second wall panel, the contact area surface extending across less than the thickness of the intermediate first wall panel and the end second wall panel so as to provide a tight joint at the front face and eliminate visible gaps.

There is provided a method for forming a three-dimensional decoration on a wall surface, wherein the method comprises: drawing a sketch on the work wall-surface; installing a crack-prevention member on the work wall-surface to suppress a separation between the three-dimensional decoration and the wall surface, wherein the crack-prevention member is disposed in a first region corresponding to the sketch; plastering a cement-mortar in the first region on the work wall-surface so as to embed the crack-prevention member in the cement-mortar, thereby to form a cement-mortar relief; three-dimensionally engraving a front face portion of the cement-mortar relief to form a cement-mortar relief-type decoration as the three-dimensional decoration; and coloring the cement-mortar relief-type decoration using a mixture of silicon as a binder and coloring pigments.