Provided herein are methods for making foam materials and foam material products having a polyurethane foam matrix defining a plurality of pores, a hydrophilic agent retained within at least a portion of the pores for improving an absorption of the foam material, a salt retained within at least a portion of the pores in an amount sufficient to render the foam material isotonic, a surfactant retained within at least a portion of the pores in an amount sufficient to be released upon contact with a moist surface. Also provided herein are methods for making a multilayer foam by casting a second foam layer on a first foam layer substrate and compressing the second foam layer before the second layer is fully cured to form an interface layer in situ.

The present disclosure relates to the development of hydrogels with extreme stiffness and high-strength. In particular, an hydrogel comprising poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and graphene material with a specific oxidation degree. The hydrogels of the present disclosure may be used in medicine, veterinary or cosmetic, namely as scaffold, cartilage, intervertebral disc and blood contact device such as: catheters, vascular grafts, heart valves, stents, artificial kidneys, artificial lungs, ventricular assist devices or drug delivery system. Uses in other areas can be envisaged, like in soft robotics, packaging, sealing and sensors.

A composition gel for surgical efficiency improvement of urinary stone lithotripsy and stone fragments removal in renal collecting system includes component A and component B. The component A contains fibrinogen and fibrin stabilizing factors. The component B contains thrombin. Moreover, at least one of the components A and B contains Ca.sup.2+, plasminogen and a coloring agent. The composition gel may quickly form plasminogen-containing fibrin gel with color, and certain toughness and plasticity in urine and normal saline environments, may adhere to and wrap stone fragments in such environments, and is removed by negative pressure suction and/or stone basket. The composition gel is suitable for efficiently removing stone fragments which remain after lithotripsy and are unable to be removed by an effective method at present. It has good biosafety, and achieves stone clearance rate of more than 85% without damage to the kidney and surgical instruments. The fibrin gel may be naturally dissolved in urine without the risk of urinary system obstruction.

This invention discloses methods and composition to form biodegradable polymer implant arrays in the live tissue. Artificial cavities are created in the live tissue by using laser ablation, oscillating needle, microneedle array and other methods. The cavities are then filled with biodegradable polymer solution. The solvent in the polymer solution is dissipated in the tissue to form a biodegradable polymer implant in artificial cavities. The cavities and implants formed are arranged to form of an array of implants. The biodegradable polymer in the cavity can also be loaded with drug to form biodegradable drug delivery array in the live tissue.

Disclosed herein are cohesive soft tissue fillers, for example, dermal and subdermal fillers, based on hyaluronic acids and optionally including proteins. In one aspect, hyaluronic acid-based compositions described herein include zero-length cross-linked moieties and optionally at least one active agent. The present hyaluronic acid-based compositions have enhanced flow characteristics, hardness, and persistence compared to known hyaluronic acid-based compositions. Methods and processes of preparing such hyaluronic acid-based compositions are also provided.

Methods and compositions are for preparing microimplant arrays for sustained drug delivery or live cell based therapy. The array in array (AIA) device enables formation of microimplant arrays without having tissue piercing elements to the microimplant. The methods and compositions are for solid state delivery of drugs, especially biologics drugs without forming a drug solution prior to injection. New methods and compositions are for preparing in situ arrays for sustained drug delivery or live cell based therapy. Tissue surface is first treated with laser drilling, microneedle array, mechanical drilling or other methods to create artificial micro-porosity of various sizes, shapes and patterns. The artificial pores created are then infused with sustained drug delivery compositions or live cell suspensions. The compositions are converted into solid or semisolid state by physical or chemical reaction/s to entrap drug or live cells. The entrapped drug or live cells provide local or systemic therapeutic benefit.

Porous semi-permeable artificial self-attaching scab designed to protect the eroded or injured surfaces. It can be applied on any living being (including plants). The polymerized mesh of the scab is formed when applied on the injured area by a process in which the lysed cells release enzymes that catalyze the reaction. Under this protective surface, the growth of new normal cells that can breathe freely without drying up is promoted. As a result, loss of water, proteins and electrolytes can be avoided; infections can be prevented; and the use of dressing and gauze bandage can be eliminated since they harm the new skin removed. The aqueous thixotropic red-colored fluid applied by brushing or spraying was obtained as a result of the reaction occurred in the container by the combination of the following substances: azosulfamide 1% to 5%+gentian violet 0.004% to 0.007%+dexamethasone 0.001% to 0.003%+pantothenyl alcohol 0.5% to 2%+gentamicin 0.03% to 0.06%.

Blockchain environments may mix-and-match different encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes when mining blockchain transactions. Each encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work scheme may be separate, stand-alone programs, files, or third-party services. Blockchain miners may be agnostic to a particular coin's or network's encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes, thus allowing any blockchain miner to process or mine data in multiple blockchains. GPUs, ASICs, and other specialized processing hardware components may be deterred by forcing cache misses, cache latencies, and processor stalls. Hashing, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes require less programming code, consume less storage space/usage in bytes, and execute faster. Blockchain mining schemes may further randomize byte or memory block access, further improve cryptographic security.

The invention relates to a functional wound dressing being able to detect and indicate the state of the wound, in particular with regard to infections for example caused by toxins produced by bacteria such Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The present wound dressing can be used in moist wound healing and contains a substance being able to absorb wound exudate from the wound and to provide moisture to the wound.

Methods have been discovered that make it possible to continuously extrude tubes of P4HB and copolymers thereof. These methods allow tubes of P4HB and copolymers thereof to be produced without radial deformation of the tubes despite the slow crystallization of the polymer and copolymers. The methods can produce tubes of P4HB and copolymers thereof with tightly defined outside and inside diameters which are required for medical application. These tubes are produced by radial expansion at temperatures above the melting temperature of P4HB and copolymers thereof, and using low tube cooling temperatures and prolonged cooling times. The tubes made from P4HB and copolymers thereof are flexible, and can be prepared with high elongation to break values.