Described herein are apparatus, systems and methods useful in forming vertical structures.

Described herein are apparatus, systems and methods useful in forming vertical structures.

Beneficial use structures are disclosed that include coal combustion residuals (CCR) mixed with water and a binder to form a structural material and adapted to be compacted for use in the formation of the beneficial use structure. Various structures having beneficial uses described, including survival bunkers, composting pits, mine reclamation encapsulation and carbon sequestration facilities, water storage facilities, compressed air storage facilities, carbon sequestration/mineral carbonation facilities and a pumped hydroelectric facility adapted for use with a lock system of a waterway.

A method of constructing a dome-shaped roof on a cylindrical tank body includes processes of assembling roof beams into the tank body in a radial shape to form a structural skeleton unit of the dome-shaped roof, attaching wheels to front end portions of the roof beams and causing the wheels to abut an inner surface of the tank body in a state in which the wheels are able to roll in a vertical direction, lifting the structural skeleton unit by jack-up units installed at an upper end side of the tank body and causing the wheels to roll along the inner surface of the tank body to travel upward, and directly or indirectly attaching and fixing the structural skeleton unit to an upper end portion of the tank body after the structural skeleton unit is lifted to the upper end side of the tank body.

A storage system is provided that includes a primary container, a first insulation layer, a secondary container, a secondary bottom, and a second insulation layer. The primary container has a primary bottom. The first insulation layer is disposed below the primary bottom. The secondary bottom is disposed below the first insulation layer and the secondary container. The secondary bottom has an expansion joint configured to permit the secondary bottom to expand and/or contract independently from the secondary container. The second insulation layer is disposed below the secondary bottom. In the event of LNG leaking from the primary container, the second insulation layer is protected from LNG contact by the secondary bottom. The carbon steel liner located on the outside face of the concrete wall remains vapor tight and liquid tight in the event of any amount of LNG leaking from the primary container.

A storage system is provided that includes a primary container, a first insulation layer, a secondary container, a secondary bottom, and a second insulation layer. The primary container has a primary bottom. The first insulation layer is disposed below the primary bottom. The secondary bottom is disposed below the first insulation layer and the secondary container. The secondary bottom has an expansion joint configured to permit the secondary bottom to expand and/or contract independently from the secondary container. The second insulation layer is disposed below the secondary bottom. In the event of LNG leaking from the primary container, the second insulation layer is protected from LNG contact by the secondary bottom. The carbon steel liner located on the outside face of the concrete wall remains vapor tight and liquid tight in the event of any amount of LNG leaking from the primary container.

A storage system is provided that includes a primary container, a first insulation layer, a secondary container, a secondary bottom, and a second insulation layer. The primary container has a primary bottom. The first insulation layer is disposed below the primary bottom. The secondary bottom is disposed below the first insulation layer and the secondary container. The secondary bottom has an expansion joint configured to permit the secondary bottom to expand and/or contract independently from the secondary container. The second insulation layer is disposed below the secondary bottom. In the event of LNG leaking from the primary container, the second insulation layer is protected from LNG contact by the secondary bottom. The carbon steel liner located on the outside face of the concrete wall remains vapor tight and liquid tight in the event of any amount of LNG leaking from the primary container.

A storage system is provided that includes a primary container, a first insulation layer, a secondary container, a secondary bottom, and a second insulation layer. The primary container has a primary bottom. The first insulation layer is disposed below the primary bottom. The secondary bottom is disposed below the first insulation layer and the secondary container. The secondary bottom has an expansion joint configured to permit the secondary bottom to expand and/or contract independently from the secondary container. The second insulation layer is disposed below the secondary bottom. In the event of LNG leaking from the primary container, the second insulation layer is protected from LNG contact by the secondary bottom. The carbon steel liner located on the outside face of the concrete wall remains vapor tight and liquid tight in the event of any amount of LNG leaking from the primary container.

An anchoring device including two reinforcements for applying a hooping stress to a tubular structure, each of the reinforcements having a main binding portion which bears against the surface of the structure over 2 turns, a first end arranged at the end of a first end portion, and a second end arranged at the end of a second end portion. The anchoring device includes a spacer including a main body and two pairs of anchoring openings for the two ends of each reinforcement. The first and second end portions extend from a radial plane, where the reinforcements are tangential to the surface, then extend away from the surface from the radial plane as far as the anchoring openings so as not to exert a harmful point force on the structure.

A modular system for constructing liquid storage tanks, comprising prefabricated reinforced concrete modular elements designed and adapted to be coupled together to form the tank walls and having means for engaging the bottom slab or foundation. Optionally, the system further comprises elements which mate with the tank wall elements in order to build a covered tank. In one embodiment of the system, the modular wall elements include a prestressing wire or strand embedded in its structure and to which a tensile force is applied to produce a compressive stress in the side of the wall element that is contact with the liquid stored in the tank. Optionally, the constructing system comprises elements to form divisions or cells inside the storage tank.