A blood purification apparatus that accurately calculates the colloid osmotic pressure of a patient's blood. A dialyzer included in the blood purification apparatus has thereinside blood flow routes and dialysate flow routes that are separated from each other by hollow fibers. An ultrafiltration pump draws out water from the blood in the blood flow routes through the hollow fibers into the dialysate flow routes. Four detecting units measure the pressures of liquid flowing into the blood flow routes, the liquid discharged from the blood flow routes, dialysate flowing into the dialysate flow routes, and the dialysate discharged from the dialysate flow routes. The pressures at the four positions, the transmembrane pressure difference can be calculated. The blood flow routes are filled with a priming solution, and the transmembrane pressure difference (TMPa) is measured. Subsequently, the blood flow routes are filled with the patient's blood, and the transmembrane pressure difference (TMPb) is measured. Referencing TMPa and TMPb, the colloid osmotic pressure of the patient's blood can be calculated. Referencing colloid osmotic pressure, the plasma total protein can be calculated. Referencing plasma total protein, the patient's state of nutrition can be estimated.

The disclosure relates to a blood treatment device for use in blood treatment therapies, comprising: an extracorporeal blood circuit, a dialyzer and a dialysis fluid circuit, wherein the extracorporeal blood circuit and the dialysis fluid circuit are separated from each other via a membrane provided in the dialyzer, via which blood can be filtered; at least one substitution solution pump, which is configured to supply a substitution solution to the extracorporeal blood circuit before and/or after the dialyzer; an effluent pressure sensor, which is configured to measure a pressure in the dialysis fluid circuit after the dialyzer, and a control unit, which is configured to automatically reduce a flow rate of the at least one substitution solution pump when an effluent pressure measured by the effluent pressure sensor drops during an ongoing blood treatment therapy.

The present invention provides a method for hemodiafiltration which applies dialysate gradient across a multi-chambered hemodiafiltrator having a plurality of compartmentalized tubular dialysate chambers. An acidic dialysate with urea at a concentration is applied to a first dialysate chamber. A less acidic dialysate with a lower concentration of urea than those for the first dialysate chamber is applied to a second dialysate chamber. A basic dialysate with no urea but with ammonia at a concentration up to a concentration detected in normal human blood is applied to a last dialysate chamber. The concentrations of urea for the first and second dialysate chambers decrease over time to zero prior to conclusion of hemodiafiltration.

A blood purification apparatus including a blood circuit including an arterial blood circuit and a venous blood circuit and that allows a patient's blood to extracorporeally circulate from a distal end of the arterial blood circuit to a distal end of the venous blood circuit; a blood purifier between the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit that purifies the blood flowing through the blood circuit having a blood flow route through which the blood extracorporeally circulating through the blood circuit flows and a dialysate flow route through which dialysate flows, the blood flow route and the dialysate flow route being separated from each other by a blood purification membrane for purifying the blood; an ultrafiltration unit that performs ultrafiltration by filtering out water from the blood in the blood flow route through the blood purification membrane and draining the water through the dialysate flow route; and a substitution-fluid supply unit that supplies substitution fluid into the blood circuit. The blood purification apparatus includes a plasma-flow-rate-acquiring unit that acquires a plasma flow rate or a correlation value of plasma flow rate with reference to a blood concentration detected from the patient's blood and a plasma total protein detected from the blood flowing through the blood circuit.

The present disclosure relates to a blood hose set, or to an extracorporeal blood circuit, for a single-needle treatment. In some embodiments, the set includes: a patient hose line and a Y-shaped connector or three-way connecter, which is connected to the patient hose line.In some embodiments, the blood hose set does not include any single-needle chamber in a blood path or on a blood side, nor is it connected to any single-needle chamber provided in a blood path or on a blood side. The present disclosure further relates to a control device or closed-loop control device, a blood treatment apparatus, a method for the single-needle treatment, a digital storage medium, a computer program product and a computer program.

Apparatus and method for photo-chemical oxidation are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a dialysis fluid regeneration system includes: a nanostructured anode; a source of light configured to illuminate the anode; and a cathode that is oxygen permeable.

An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus is provided comprising a filtration unit connected to a blood circuit and to a dialysate circuit; a control unit is configured for calculating a sodium concentration value for the blood; the estimation of the sodium concentration includes the sub-step of calculating the sodium concentration value as an algebraic sum of a main contribution term based on the isoconductive sodium concentrate and of an offset contribution term based on a concentration of at least a substance in the dialysis fluid chosen in the group including bicarbonate, potassium, acetate, lactate, citrate, magnesium, calcium, sulphate and phosphate.

A connection apparatus for sealing to a pathway of a mounting structure includes a body; and a port including a threaded portion extending from the body and a non-threaded portion extending from the threaded portion, the non-threaded portion carrying a gasket, the gasket positioned along the non-threaded portion such that the mounting structure to which the connection apparatus is mounted contacts the gasket prior to the threaded portion engaging a mating threaded portion of the mounting structure, the port providing fluid communication between the body and the pathway of the mounting structure. The body may be that of a valve that supplies any of air, water or oil as an operating fluid to, for example, inlet and outlet valves and a pump chamber of a medical fluid pump of a medical fluid delivery machine.

Apparatus and method for photo-chemical oxidation are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method for regenerating a dialysis fluid includes: flowing the dialysis fluid between an anode and a cathode of a dialysis system, where the anode comprises a plurality of nanostructures; illuminating the anode with a source of light; flowing oxygen through the cathode toward the dialysis fluid; and converting urea in the dialysis fluid into CO2, N2 and H2O thereby regenerating the dialysis fluid.

The invention relates to a control unit (30) for detecting an overshoot of a first limit value (G1) of a first blood concentration (B1) in a first portion (17a) of a dialysate discharge line (17) downstream of a dialysate chamber (7) of a dialyser (4) of a blood treatment device and upstream of a node point (110) at which a bypass line (100) bypassing the dialyser (4) leads into the dialysate discharge line (17), wherein the bypass line (100) branches off, upstream of the dialysate chamber (7), from a dialysate supply line (15) suitable for supplying dialysate from a dialysate source (16) to the dialysate chamber (7).