A hemodialysis system includes: a hemodialysis machine configured to provide hemodialysis treatment to a patient, wherein the hemodialysis treatment includes circulating extracorporeal blood of the patient through an extracorporeal blood circuit; a first oxygen saturation sensor device configured to measure oxygen saturation corresponding to the extracorporeal blood of the patient in the extracorporeal blood circuit; a second oxygen saturation sensor device configured to measure oxygen saturation corresponding to blood flowing within the patient; and at least one controller configured to determine one or more oxygen saturation phase shift (OSPS) values or one or more transcutaneous travel time values corresponding to the patient based on oxygen saturation measurements from the first oxygen saturation sensor device and the second oxygen saturation sensor device.

A blood circuit assembly for a dialysis unit may include an organizing tray, a pair of pneumatic pumps mounted to the organizing tray for circulating blood received from a patient through a circuit including a dialyzer unit and returned to the patient, an air trap mounted to the organizing tray arranged to remove air from blood circulating in the circuit, a pair of dialyzer connections arranged to connect to the inlet and outlet of a dialyzer unit, and a pair of blood line connectors, one inlet blood line connector for receiving blood from the patient and providing blood to the pneumatic pumps and the other outlet blood line connector for returning blood to the patient.

The invention relates to the balancing of fluid streams in a dialysis system. In particular the invention relates to a cassette for conveying a first and a second fluid stream in a dialysis system, wherein the first and the second fluid streams can be medical fluid streams such as for example dialysate streams or blood streams, wherein the cassette has a sensor as a device for balancing the first and the second fluid stream, and wherein the sensor has a first channel for the first fluid stream and a second channel for the second fluid stream. The invention further relates to a dialysis system, which is configured to accommodate at least one cassette which is configured as described above. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an arrangement by which two channels for the first and the second fluid streams are formed. In addition, the invention relates to a method for construction of the two channels or the arrangement.

The present teachings provide a blood purification apparatus including a drain-liquid temporary chamber that stores drain liquid drained from a blood purifier that purifies blood of a patient, a first drain-liquid drain line through which the drain liquid flows into the drain-liquid temporary chamber, a second drain-liquid drain line through which the drain liquid stored in the drain-liquid temporary chamber is drained to an outside of the apparatus, a draining unit provided to the second drain-liquid drain line and that drains the drain liquid stored in the drain-liquid temporary chamber to the outside of the apparatus, a remaining-amount-detecting unit that detects an amount of drain liquid remaining in the drain-liquid temporary chamber, a judging unit that judges whether or not a reference remaining amount is reached by the drain liquid in the drain-liquid temporary chamber from a result of detection by the remaining-amount-detecting unit, and a control unit that controls the draining unit. The control unit executes a draining process in which the draining unit is controlled such that the drain liquid in the drain-liquid temporary chamber is drained to the outside of the apparatus. The draining process is ended if it is judged by the judging unit that the reference remaining amount is reached by the drain liquid in the drain-liquid temporary chamber.

A monitoring system for care protocols, comprising sensors connected to electronic devices to input data from a patient, where sensors measure critical values from a patient; an interface for receiving data and allowing users to write and change process control in real time; a processor connected to the interface to receive input parameters, wherein the processor calculates output values based on the input parameters compared to the critical value to determine whether the output values are outside acceptable range; means for setting critical values, ranges of critical value, and alarm points when the critical values are outside of the range; where the interface receives critical patient parameters and the interface includes a manual input and a machine input from one or more sensors; and wherein the system calculates and monitors critical steps or values for a patient and enables the output values for monitoring or display, in real time.

A dialysis system is provided that includes a dialysis machine and a potassium sensing device that is configured to measure the concentration of potassium in the patient's blood, in spent dialysate resulting from treating the patient, or in both. The potassium sensing device can be configured to generate a sensed value of the concentration of potassium. A control and computing unit, including a processor and a memory, is configured to receive the sensed value, compare the value with one or more values stored in the memory, and generate a control signal based on the comparison. A potassium infusion circuit uses the control signal to infuse supplemental potassium solution into the treatment dialysate, a replacement fluid, or both. The memory can include stored patient-historical and population data.

A patient fluid removal compensation volume may be determined to make up for the patient fluid removal that does not occur during machine down times, and the patient fluid removal rate may be increased until the compensating volume is satisfied.

A plasmapheresis system and a method for operating a plasmapheresis system are provided by which the volume/weight of anticoagulated plasma that is collected is optimized. In one example, a nomogram is provided that utilizes the donor's hematocrit to calculate the volume/weight of raw plasma within a plasma product having the maximum volume permitted by the FDA nomogram. In a plasmapheresis procedure having multiple collection phases followed by a reinfusion cycle in which concentrated red blood cells are returned to the donor, the volume of plasma product to be collected is calculated prior to the start of each collection cycle to account for the donor's increasing hematocrit, thus resulting in a greater total volume of plasma product to be collected during the plasmapheresis procedure.

According to some embodiments, a system may treat blood outside the body of a patient. The system may include one or more pumps configured to pump blood in a fluid flow path at a collective rate over 5 liters per minute. The system may include one or more heat exchangers operable to heat at least a portion of the blood to a temperature of at least 42 degrees Celsius and to allow the blood to cool one or more degrees following heating. The system may include one or more convection dialysis modules configured to perform convection dialysis on at least a portion of the blood at least after the one or more heat exchangers allow the blood to cool one or more degrees.

An extracorporeal and drug delivery system includes (i) a renal failure therapy machine operable with a blood filter in fluid communication with an arterial line and a venous line, the machine including (a) an effluent pump for pumping effluent from the blood filter at an effluent flowrate, and at least one of (b) a dialysis fluid pump for pumping dialysis fluid to the blood filter at a dialysis fluid flowrate, (c) a predilution pump for pumping replacement fluid into the arterial line at a predilution flowrate, or (d) a postdilution pump for pumping replacement fluid into the venous line at a postdilution flowrate; (ii) an infusion pump operable to deliver an intravenous (“IV”) drug to the patient at an IV drug flowrate; and (iii) a coordinating logic implementor configured to adjust the IV drug flowrate based on an amount of the IV drug removed via the effluent flowrate.