A system for reducing toxicity from intravascular triggered drug delivery includes a chamber comprising an inflow port, an outflow port, and a filter positioned upstream of the outflow port. A trigger module is configured to trigger the release of a drug from an intravascular triggered drug delivery system present in blood in the chamber. A method for reducing toxicity from intravascular triggered drug delivery includes the steps of removing blood comprising an intravascular triggered drug delivery system from a patient's vascular system and delivering the blood to a chamber, applying a trigger to the blood to release a drug from the intravascular triggered drug delivery system, filtering the drug from the blood, and returning the filtered blood to the patient.

There is provided a sorbent for removing metabolic waste products from a dialysis liquid, the sorbent comprising a layer of immobilized uremic toxin-treating enzyme particles intermixed with cation exchange particles.

A method for extracorporeal treatment of a body fluid of a patient suffering from sepsis, in an extracorporeal flow line, comprising removing at least one harmful substance from the body fluid of the patient. In a first injection step, a first mixture containing functionalized magnetic particles bound to at least a first binding agent at least directed against a first type of target molecules contained in the body fluid is added to the extracorporeal flow line comprising a sample of the body fluid extracted from a patient and containing at least the first type of target molecules. The first mixture is injected in a therapeutically effective dose necessary to reduce a concentration of the target molecules of at least the first type in the body fluid sample of the patient, followed by a mixing step and a separation step for reduction of the target molecule concentration.

A blood treatment material adsorbs and removes blood components such as activated leukocytes and inflammatory cytokines with a high efficiency. The blood treatment material includes a water-insoluble material in the form of fibers or particles, wherein the difference between the maximum value (RaA) and the minimum value (RaB) of the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the surface of the water-insoluble material, as calculated using a laser microscope, is from 0.30 to 1.50 μm.

Provided are sorption materials and devices using the sorption materials, and methods of using the sorption materials and devices containing the sorption materials. In various examples, the sorption materials bind to various inflammation stimulating and/or mediating molecules, which are often associated with systemic infections and systemic inflammation associated with conditions such as, for example, sepsis.

A mechanical kidney transplant designed may include a four modules designed to interconnect to clean blood. The first module may include a plurality of pump modules and a resin gel regeneration module, wherein the first module is operatively attached to a patient's iliac artery, iliac vein, and bladder. The second module may be operatively attached to the first module and may include storage and pump systems. The third module may be operatively attached to the first and fourth modules and may include a housing with ports for inflow/outflow of the blood and the physiologic resin gel between the first module and the fourth module. The fourth module may include at least one dialyzer fiber sized to accommodate a volume of blood flowing therethrough and an area surrounding the dialyzer fiber may be sized to accommodate a volume of a physiologic resin gel flowing counter current to the blood.

A process for removing Hg.sup.2+ toxins from bodily fluids is disclosed. The process involves contacting the bodily fluid with a titanium metallate ion exchanger to remove the metal toxins in the bodily fluid, including blood and gastrointestinal fluid. Alternatively, blood can be contacted with a dialysis solution which is then contacted with the ion exchanger. The titanium metallate ion exchangers are represented by the following empirical formula:
A.sub.mTiNb.sub.aSi.sub.xO.sub.y. A composition is provided with the combination of the titanium metallate ion exchanger and bodily fluids or dialysis solutions. Also, provided is an apparatus comprising a matrix and the titanium metallate ion exchanger.

The device described herein converges the plasma separation function of a hollow-fiber plasmapheresis device with a formulation or cocktail of two or more adsorbent components housed in the extra-lumen space (outside the fiber walls, yet inside the outer shell of the plasmapheresis device) to optimize the adsorption of viral pathogens, shed viral proteins and viral exosomes (collectively known as the Viral Targets) in a low-shear force environment without interacting with blood cells.

Provided herein is a method for removing uremic toxins from blood is provided. The method includes exposing blood to iron-based metal-organic frameworks; and allowing the metal-organic frameworks to bind a least one uremic toxin in the blood.

Provided herein are materials and methods of reducing contamination in a biological substance or treating contamination in a subject by one or more toxins comprising contacting the biological substance with an effective amount of a sorbent capable of sorbing the toxin, wherein the sorbent comprises a plurality of pores ranging from 50 Å to 40,000 Å with a pore volume of 0.5 cc/g to 5.0 cc/g and a size of 0.05 mm to 2 cm and sorbing the toxin. Also provided are kits to reduce contamination by one or more toxins in a biological substance comprising a sorbent capable of sorbing a toxin, wherein the sorbent comprises a plurality of pores ranging from 50 Å to 40,000 Å with a pore volume of 0.5 cc/g to 5.0 cc/g and a size of 0.05 mm to 2 cm and a vessel to store said sorbent when not in use together with packaging for same.