For producing a high pressure impulse, a hose bending valve is provided that comprises a loop (12) provided in a supply hose of an instrument (2) and a hose bending device (8) provided as multiple-use component. Such a valve is very simply constructed and allows the creation of steep pressure increase flanks with very high pressures up to 100 bar, as are needed for a needleless injection. The sterilization effort is minimal. Also, the material effort is minimal, if single-use components are used.

For producing a high pressure impulse, a hose bending valve is provided that comprises a loop (12) provided in a supply hose of an instrument (2) and a hose bending device (8) provided as multiple-use component. Such a valve is very simply constructed and allows the creation of steep pressure increase flanks with very high pressures up to 100 bar, as are needed for a needleless injection. The sterilization effort is minimal. Also, the material effort is minimal, if single-use components are used.

An apparatus may include a plunger and a substantially cylindrical body. The substantially cylindrical body may include an end portion having rounded edges and may define a cavity sized to receive the plunger. The substantially cylindrical body may include at least one opening extending from the cavity to an external surface. The at least one opening may a substantially irregular shape. In some embodiments, the at least one opening may extend from the cavity through a nub to the external surface. The nub may have a rounded shape. In some embodiments, the substantially irregular shape may include one of a slit, an oval shape, an elliptical shape, an hourglass shape, a rectangular shape, and a diamond shape. In some embodiments, the opening may be part of a non-cylindrical fluid passage.

An accelerator module is connected to an initiator module and generates supersonic waves from subsonic waves generated by the initiator module. The supersonic waves deliver particles to cells in tissues. The accelerator module may include a knocking-detonation transition metal and a detonation material. An example of the knocking-detonation transition metal is copper (I) 5-nitrotetrazolate. Another example of the knocking-detonation transition metal is lead azide. An example of the detonation material is pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN).

An accelerator module is connected to an initiator module and generates supersonic waves from subsonic waves generated by the initiator module. The supersonic waves deliver particles to cells in tissues. The accelerator module may include a knocking-detonation transition metal and a detonation material. An example of the knocking-detonation transition metal is copper (I) 5-nitrotetrazolate. Another example of the knocking-detonation transition metal is lead azide. An example of the detonation material is pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN).

An ultrasonic robotic cleaner freely movable back and forth inside a blood vessel, having an elongated shell, electrical driving mechanisms, a storage battery, and a high frequency ultrasonic vibration unit; each electrical driving mechanism is formed by propellers, an ultra-micro motor, and a gear assembly; the high frequency ultrasonic vibration unit and the storage battery are mounted inside the elongated shell; the high frequency ultrasonic vibration unit and the ultra-micro motor are electrically connected with the storage battery; the electrical driving mechanisms are disposed at two ends of the elongated shell respectively. The robotic cleaner moves inside the blood vessel and achieves blood cavitation so that blood lipids are fragmented into finer particles which are eventually burnt due to peroxidation and metabolism and transformed into energy, water and CO.sub.2.

An ultrasonic robotic cleaner freely movable back and forth inside a blood vessel, having an elongated shell, electrical driving mechanisms, a storage battery, and a high frequency ultrasonic vibration unit; each electrical driving mechanism is formed by propellers, an ultra-micro motor, and a gear assembly; the high frequency ultrasonic vibration unit and the storage battery are mounted inside the elongated shell; the high frequency ultrasonic vibration unit and the ultra-micro motor are electrically connected with the storage battery; the electrical driving mechanisms are disposed at two ends of the elongated shell respectively. The robotic cleaner moves inside the blood vessel and achieves blood cavitation so that blood lipids are fragmented into finer particles which are eventually burnt due to peroxidation and metabolism and transformed into energy, water and CO.sub.2.

A proximity sensing autonomous robotic system and apparatus is provided. The robot includes one or more vision modules for viewing the environment for depth perception, object detection, object avoidance and temperature detection of objects. A proximity sensing skin is laminated on one or more parts of the robot. The proximity sensing skin includes a plurality of proximity sensors and mechanical stress sensors for collision avoidance, speed control and deceleration of motion near detected objects, and touch recognition. The proximity sensing skin may include conductive pads for contacting different materials in a composite part to inhibit galvanic corrosion. The robot includes an end effector to which different tools may be attached for performing different tasks. The end effector includes a mounting interface with connections for supplying power and hydraulic/pneumatic control of the tool. All wiring to the sensors and vision modules are routed internally within the robot.

Injection systems comprising a powered injector and one or more hazardous agents are disclosed.

Injection systems comprising a powered injector and one or more hazardous agents are disclosed.