A plurality of sensor devices are placed at a plurality of locations at which concrete is to be poured, wherein each sensor device is adapted to measure humidity. For example, the plurality of sensors may be placed at selected locations within a form at a construction site associated with a construction project. Concrete is poured at the plurality of locations. Data representing humidity measurements is received from the plurality of sensor devices. For each of the plurality of sensor devices, a respective spike in humidity and a respective time associated with the spike in humidity are determined, thereby determining a plurality of spikes in humidity and a plurality of corresponding times. A build rate is determined for the construction project based on the plurality of spikes in humidity and a plurality of corresponding times.

The invention relates to the manufacture of a reinforced slab-shaped building element (E) having a length (L), a width (W) and a thickness, said slab-shaped building element (E) comprising an upper concrete plate anchored to a lower concrete plate with a top surface and a bottom surface, said upper concrete plate being cast from relatively higher strength concrete laid out upon said top surface, said lower concrete plate being of a less strong concrete, said lower concrete plate including a base contiguous with a plurality of raised portions integral therewith, said raised portions being spaced apart in the direction of said length (L) and said width (W), said plurality of raised portions defining between them a network of recesses, at least some of said recesses including reinforcing bars (R), said raised portions and said recesses together defining said top surface.

The invention relates to the manufacture of a reinforced slab-shaped building element (E) having a length (L), a width (W) and a thickness, said slab-shaped building element (E) comprising an upper concrete plate anchored to a lower concrete plate with a top surface and a bottom surface, said upper concrete plate being cast from relatively higher strength concrete laid out upon said top surface, said lower concrete plate being of a less strong concrete, said lower concrete plate including a base contiguous with a plurality of raised portions integral therewith, said raised portions being spaced apart in the direction of said length (L) and said width (W), said plurality of raised portions defining between them a network of recesses, at least some of said recesses including reinforcing bars (R), said raised portions and said recesses together defining said top surface.

A novel function-recoverable prefabricated seismic shear wall structure with replaceable components, which includes main structural components, connecting components and replaceable components. All components are connected by bolts or pins. The connections can provide sufficient strength to effectively connect adjacent upper and lower wall panels, or wall panel and coupling beam, together. The replaceable components are installed in the bottom region of the wall and coupling beams, which provide sufficient bearing capacity and stiffness for the building structure under service loads and dissipate seismic energy under the earthquake. The damage concentrates on the replaceable components which could be easily replaced after a strong earthquake so that the function of the building structure could be quickly restored. In addition, the replaceable components with different energy-dissipation mechanisms facilitate the shear wall structure to have multiple seismic fortification lines, and improve the seismic performance of the building structure.

A novel function-recoverable prefabricated seismic shear wall structure with replaceable components, which includes main structural components, connecting components and replaceable components. All components are connected by bolts or pins. The connections can provide sufficient strength to effectively connect adjacent upper and lower wall panels, or wall panel and coupling beam, together. The replaceable components are installed in the bottom region of the wall and coupling beams, which provide sufficient bearing capacity and stiffness for the building structure under service loads and dissipate seismic energy under the earthquake. The damage concentrates on the replaceable components which could be easily replaced after a strong earthquake so that the function of the building structure could be quickly restored. In addition, the replaceable components with different energy-dissipation mechanisms facilitate the shear wall structure to have multiple seismic fortification lines, and improve the seismic performance of the building structure.

Various implementations comprise methods and apparatuses for constructing a concrete structure. An apparatus according to one implementation includes a structure comprising a pre-cast concrete component that includes at least one post-tensioning duct, a post-tensioning tendon extending through the post-tensioning duct, and a poured in place concrete surface disposed above and coupled to the pre-cast concrete component.

A cellulose-based structural building panel assembly includes a cross-laminated timber (CLT) core which is reinforced with one or more post-tensioned tendons stressed to a pre-selected tensioning force, following the placement as part of the panel assembly. The tendons are provided within a sleeve which is grouted with a channel formed in an underside of the core and which after post-tensioning of tendons is infilled with a binder securing the tendons in a fully bonded configuration.

A ground-supported concrete slab has a reduced concrete requirement and, in turn, a reduced carbon footprint, while still capable of supporting a desired maximum load. The slab is polygonal in shape, with at least one of its sides being at least fifty feet in length. Each side of the slab is adjacent a corresponding joint. The slab has an edge region, consisting of the portion of the slab disposed within three feet of any joint. Rebar is disposed only within the edge region of the slab. Rebar is preferably placed to form two differently sized, concentric polygons that coincide in shape with the polygonal shape of the slab. The polygons may all be square. The concrete may further include steel fibers distributed throughout the concrete. The slab is formed by providing a suitable form, placing the rebar appropriately, and filling the form with concrete to a desired thickness.

A ground-supported concrete slab has a reduced concrete requirement and, in turn, a reduced carbon footprint, while still capable of supporting a desired maximum load. The slab is polygonal in shape, with at least one of its sides being at least fifty feet in length. Each side of the slab is adjacent a corresponding joint. The slab has an edge region, consisting of the portion of the slab disposed within three feet of any joint. Rebar is disposed only within the edge region of the slab. Rebar is preferably placed to form two differently sized, concentric polygons that coincide in shape with the polygonal shape of the slab. The polygons may all be square. The concrete may further include steel fibers distributed throughout the concrete. The slab is formed by providing a suitable form, placing the rebar appropriately, and filling the form with concrete to a desired thickness.

A permanent form panel (1) for making a concrete compression slab in elevation forming a floor, said panel constituting, once the slab has been cast, the bottom portion of said slab, the panel being characterized in that it presents an adhesion top face having a rough surface and/or recessed or projecting means for attachment to the slab, a bottom face (6) forming a facing ready to be painted, and on at least one of its edge faces, connection means for connection to an adjacent panel in the form of means for mutual engagement and/or of a recess housing connection elements.

An assembly of panels with connectors arranged between the edge faces of two adjacent panels, and a method of making floor-forming concrete slabs using said panels either on site or prefabricating them.