A hanger bar assembly comprises a first hanger bar, a second hanger bar, and a hanger bar holder. The first hanger bar and the second hanger bar are mechanically coupled where the first hanger bar slides relative to the second hang bar in a telescopic manner. The first hanger bar and the second hanger bar both include an interlocking structure that interlocks the first hanger bar with the second hanger bar, reducing lateral movement, such as backlash or slop. The hanger bar holder is used to hold at least one of the first hanger bar or the second hanger bar. The hanger bar holder includes a first section to guide at least the first hanger bar and a second section to guide at least the second hanger bar. The first section and the second section also constrain lateral movement of the first hanger bar and the second hanger bar, respectively.

A truss structure may include a plurality of load bearing members, or force members, that are joined at a plurality of nodes to define a load bearing structure. The truss structure may include a plurality of longitudinal members extending in parallel along a longitudinal length of the truss structure, and a plurality of transverse members, joined to the plurality of longitudinal members at nodes, and extending between the plurality of longitudinal members. The plurality of transverse members may provide buckling support to the plurality of longitudinal members, so that an axial load, or compressive load, or buckling load, may be effectively carried by the truss structure.

A building that includes a lower structural pad disposed on a foundation is described, and includes columns disposed on the lower structural pad, including a first of the columns being separated from a second of the columns by a first span. The building includes a plurality of horizontally-oriented reinforced transfer beams, wherein each of the reinforced transfer beams spans between the first of the columns and the second of the columns. The building includes a vertical support core including a first vertically-oriented structural spine and a second vertically-oriented structural spine that are disposed on the reinforced transfer beams and separated by a second span. The second span associated with the first and second vertically-oriented structural spine is less than the first span associated with the first and second of the columns. Each of the reinforced transfer beams includes a steel beam and a carbon-fiber reinforcement element.

A vertical wall framing stud defines a vertical exterior-facing surface, a vertical interior-facing surface opposite the vertical exterior-facing surface and a long vertical side surface spanning between the vertical exterior-facing surface and the vertical interior-facing surface. A plurality of vertically spaced-apart cutouts can be defined into the vertical wall framing stud along the vertical exterior-facing surface. A ridge can be defined between an adjacent pair of the vertically spaced-apart cutouts. The ridge can include an exterior-facing planar surface that is vertically oriented. An exterior wall board can be fastened to the vertical exterior-facing surface of the vertical wall framing stud. An air gap is formed between each cutout and the inside-facing surface of the wall board. The air gap lowers the thermal bridging effect that occurs due to the framing stud being in contact with the exterior wall board.

A truss structure may include a plurality of load bearing members, or force members, that are joined at a plurality of nodes to define a load bearing structure. The truss structure may include a plurality of longitudinal members extending in parallel along a longitudinal length of the truss structure, and a plurality of transverse members defining a plurality of helical structures. The plurality of helical structures may be joined to the plurality of longitudinal members at corresponding plurality of nodes. The plurality of helical structures may provide buckling support to the plurality of longitudinal members, so that an axial load, or compressive load, or buckling load, may be effectively carried by the truss structure.

A vertical wall framing stud defines a vertical exterior-facing surface, a vertical interior-facing surface opposite the vertical exterior-facing surface and a long vertical side surface spanning between the vertical exterior-facing surface and the vertical interior-facing surface. A plurality of vertically spaced-apart cutouts can be defined into the vertical wall framing stud along the vertical exterior-facing surface. A ridge can be defined between an adjacent pair of the vertically spaced-apart cutouts. The ridge can include an exterior-facing planar surface that is vertically oriented. An exterior wall board can be fastened to the vertical exterior-facing surface of the vertical wall framing stud. An air gap is formed between each cutout and the inside-facing surface of the wall board. The air gap lowers the thermal bridging effect that occurs due to the framing stud being in contact with the exterior wall board.

A truss structure may include a plurality of load bearing members, or force members, that are joined at a plurality of nodes to define a load bearing structure. The truss structure may include a plurality of longitudinal members extending in parallel along a longitudinal length of the truss structure, and a plurality of transverse members, joined to the plurality of longitudinal members at nodes, and extending between the plurality of longitudinal members. The plurality of transverse members may provide buckling support to the plurality of longitudinal members, so that an axial load, or compressive load, or buckling load, may be effectively carried by the truss structure.

A structural panel system formed from a substrate (such as cement board or paper) and structural studs (such as lightweight galvanized steel members), where the studs are embedded within an insulating core that is formed onto the substrate, where the studs are gapped from the inner surface of the substrate to prevent thermal energy from transferring from the substrate to the stud or vice versa. In addition, parallel assembly slots may be formed in the gap at the top and bottom ends of each panel assembly to provide connective access to the top and bottom ends of the studs for structural connection to the foundation at the bottom or other overhead structure at the top via connective components. The connective components include a bottom U-channel member and a top U-channel member that are configured to fit into the parallel assembly slots.

At least one first vertical member having an upper portion and a lower portion wherein the lower portion has at least one first horizontal member extending away from the at least one first vertical member. At least one vertical second vertical member extends vertical from the at least one first horizontal member. At least one second horizontal member extending from the at least one first upright member on the upper portion and at least one third vertical member extending from the at least one second horizontal member and at least one third horizontal member extending from the at least one third vertical member wherein the at least one third horizontal member forms a shelf with at least one gutter.

A one-piece stud has a central longitudinal side; a first longitudinal side joined at a 90? angle to the first end of the central longitudinal side; and a second longitudinal side joined at a 90? angle to the second end of the central longitudinal side. The central side has a first and a second planar surface joined by an acute isosceles triangular channel midway between. The first longitudinal side is formed of a third and a fourth planar surface joined by an acute isosceles triangular channel midway between. The second longitudinal side has a fifth and a sixth planar surface joined by an acute isosceles triangular channel midway between. At an end opposite the 90? joint, the first longitudinal side and the second longitudinal side have free ends each forming a gapped right isosceles triangle. The longitudinal channels increase the axial capacity and the moment capacity of the stud.