Provided is a method for enhancing cognitive function based on individual cognitive frequency resonance that intentionally and selectively enhances a specific cognitive function by resonating with brain waves through brain stimulation using an electric current of the same frequency or waveform as individual cognitive frequency generated during a cognitive task, and the method includes executing, by a subject, a cognitive task.

Methods of treating a brain malfunction include obtaining a subject diagnosed with a brain malfunction and reducing EEG frequency of brainwaves in the subject by applying at least one EEG-slowing stimulus to the subject, whereby production of β-amyloid protein in the brain of the subject is reduced and progression of the brain malfunction is halted or slowed.

The present disclosure pertains to a system configured to detect slow waves in a subject during a sleep session. The system generates output signals conveying information related to brain activity of the subject. The system is configured to detect individual sleep stages of the subject, the individual sleep stages including a deep sleep stage; and, responsive to detecting the deep sleep stage, generate a harmonic representation of the output signals for a period of time during the sleep session that includes the deep sleep stage; identify two or more points of significance on the harmonic representation of the output signals; and analyze a shape of the harmonic representation of the output signals around the two or more points of significance to determine whether the shape of the harmonic representation of the output signals around the two or more points of significance corresponds to a shape of a slow wave.

A method of transplanting a sleep state of a first subject (donor) to a second subject (recipient) comprising: capturing a sleep state of the first subject represented by brain activity patterns; and transplanting the sleep state of the first subject in the second subject by inducing the brain activity patterns in the second subject.

In exemplary implementations of this invention, stimuli are intermittently presented to the left or right side of a user. For example, this invention may comprise a method of presenting stimuli to a bilateral organism, which organism has a left side and a right side, wherein: (a) the stimuli are produced by at least one transducer, (b) the stimuli include an intermittent beat train, and (c) the beat train has a beat frequency that is substantially equal to 7.8×(1.618).sup.n Hz, where n is an even integer, which even integer may be negative, zero or positive.

Apparatuses (including devices, kits, and systems) and methods to non-invasively and chemically (rather than thermally) activate thermoreceptors to modulate sleep. For example, described herein are apparatuses including topical compositions that stimulate thermoreceptors on the subject's skin (e.g., forehead, hands, and/or feet) for a period of time to induce a sensation of temperature (heat or cold) without significantly altering the person's actual skin temperature to improve sleep quality, including reducing sleep-onset latency, enhancing depth of sleep, and/or extending the amount of time a subject sleeps. The subject may be suffering from insomnia or some other sleep disorder.

An emotional enhancement system for music and film that uses audio and video input to select or generate a stimulation pattern which stimulates the user's face using lights and electrical stimulation directed to certain points on the user's face and head which are believed to induce certain emotions. Using the system, a user's emotional experience of the music or film can be enhanced by inducing emotions in the user coordinated with portions of the music or film. In some embodiments, biometric sensors or cameras and facial tracking software may be used to monitor the emotions displayed by a user while listening to music or watching films, and adjust the stimulation accordingly.

The present application provides a method and an apparatus of actively sensing a neuronal firing frequency at a functional site in a brain, the method comprising: generating a varying electromagnetic field and acting a near field of the generated electromagnetic field on a targeted brain functional site; sensing the alteration of the electromagnetic field at the targeted brain functional site; and determining a variation frequency of the alteration of the electromagnetic field at the targeted brain functional site as the neuronal firing frequency at the targeted brain functional site.

The present disclosure provides a system for processing biological signals. The system may comprise a sensing module comprising one or more sensors for detecting at least one of a biological parameter of a subject and one or more biological signals of the subject, and an additional sensor for detecting ambient conditions associated with a surrounding environment of the subject. The system may comprise a signal processing module in communication with the sensing module, wherein the processing module is configured to aggregate and process data obtained using the one or more sensors to compute one or more markers for the subject. The system may comprise an output device optimization module in communication with the signal processing module and one or more output devices, wherein the output device optimization module is configured to control the output devices using the one or more computed markers and data obtained using the additional sensor.

Described is an improved brain-machine interface including a neural interface and a controllable device in communication with the neural interface. The neural interface includes a neural device with one or more sensors for collecting signals of interest and one or more processors for conditioning the signals of interest, extracting salient neural features from and decoding the conditioned signals of interest, and generating a control command for the controllable device. The controllable device performs one or more operations according to the control command, and the neural device administers neuromodulation stimulation to reinforce operation of the controllable device.