Ovotransferrins with a degree of iron saturation from 0 to 15% are useful in the treatment of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia, increasing the cell viability on gastric and intestinal cell models with respect to the holo-OvT 100%, when tested at the same concentrations, showing also a surprisingly better time dependent absorption of iron ions and a physiological trend allowing a single oral administration in 24 hours.

A protein-rich composition can be provided from egg albumen via a process that involves diafiltering with purified water an egg albumen concentrate. Collected retentate from the diafiltration step constitutes a protein-rich composition which, on a dry basis, can include less than 1% (w/w) lipids. The composition can be spray dried to a protein isolate solid which is substantially free of sugars.

A protein-rich composition can be provided from egg albumen via a process that involves diafiltering with purified water an egg albumen concentrate. Collected retentate from the diafiltration step constitutes a protein-rich composition which, on a dry basis, can include less than 1% (w/w) lipids. The composition can be spray dried to a protein isolate solid which is substantially free of sugars.

Liquid egg yolk can be fractionated into water soluble and precipitated lipophilic fractions without the need to freeze or add carbohydrate(s). A composition that includes egg yolk and an excess of water has its pH downwardly adjusted before being gravitationally separated into low and high density fractions, with the former including no more than 5% of the granules from the egg yolk.

Liquid egg yolk can be fractionated into water soluble and precipitated lipophilic fractions without the need to freeze or add carbohydrate(s). A composition that includes egg yolk and an excess of water has its pH downwardly adjusted before being gravitationally separated into low and high density fractions, with the former including no more than 5% of the granules from the egg yolk.

Liquid egg yolk can be fractionated into water soluble and precipitated lipophilic fractions without the need to freeze or add carbohydrate(s). A composition that includes egg yolk and an excess of water has its pH downwardly adjusted before being gravitationally separated into low and high density fractions, with the former including no more than 5% of the granules from the egg yolk.

Liquid egg yolk can be fractionated into water soluble and precipitated lipophilic fractions without the need to freeze or add carbohydrate(s). A composition that includes egg yolk and an excess of water has its pH downwardly adjusted before being gravitationally separated into low and high density fractions, with the former including no more than 5% of the granules from the egg yolk.

An artificial fiber meat includes a plurality of fibers, and each of the fibers includes 45 to 95 parts by weight of a vegetable protein and 15 to 35 parts by weight of an alginate, in which a molecular weight distribution range of the vegetable protein is between 15 kDa and 165 kDa.

An artificial fiber meat includes a plurality of fibers, and each of the fibers includes 45 to 95 parts by weight of a vegetable protein and 15 to 35 parts by weight of an alginate, in which a molecular weight distribution range of the vegetable protein is between 15 kDa and 165 kDa.

Provided herein are compositions, proteins, polynucleotides, expression vectors, host cells, kits, and systems for producing egg white proteins, as well as methods of using the same.