Lighting systems, methods, and devices for protecting human circadian neuroendocrine function during night use are described. Suitable lighting conditions can be provided for a working environment while protecting the circadian neuroendocrine systems of those occupying the illuminated workplace during the night. Lighting systems, methods, and devices can provide substantive attenuation of the pathologic circadian disruption in night workers. Lighting systems, methods, and devices can attenuate the specific bands of light implicated in circadian disruption. LED lighting systems, methods, and devices can provide increased intensity at a different portion of the spectrum than conventional LEDs, providing a useable white light even when unfavorable portions of the wavelength are attenuated by a notch filter. LED lighting systems, methods, and devices can switch between a daytime configuration and a night time configuration, wherein the daytime configuration provides unfiltered light and the night time configuration provides filtered light.

One or more environmental control systems of a vehicle are automatically operated. A position of an occupant of the vehicle in their circadian cycle is determined. The operation of one or more of the environmental control systems is controlled to compensate for or adjust the position of the occupant in their circadian cycle.

A sleep apnea treatment apparatus including a stimulation device that applies a stimulation to a subject, and a controller including circuitry which receives sounds produced by the subject, converts the sounds to received sound signals, obtains snoring sound information from the received sound signals, calculates an impact of snoring sound produced by the subject based on the snoring sound information, and causes the stimulation device to apply the stimulation to the subject when the impact is higher than a threshold.

A portable device for the optical signal transmission from and to the human eye, in which it is proposed that a rod-shaped housing (1) is provided, on the two end regions of which at least one emitter (3) and/or detector of electromagnetic waves is arranged and which has a holding clamp (2) in its middle region, wherein a power supply for the respective at least one emitter (3) and/or detector as well as a control unit (8), which is connected to the at least one emitter (3) and/or detector, are provided within the rod-shaped housing. The invention provides a portable device for the optical signal transmission from and to the human eye, which can be worn with a high wearing comfort in a discreet manner in the vicinity of the head and, and in particular allows the device to be worn in parallel with commercially available spectacles. Furthermore, the handling, storage and transport of corresponding devices are greatly facilitated.

A system that determines one or more sleep phenotyping parameters of a subject. In one embodiment, the system comprises a sleep sensor, a stimulus generator, and a processor. The sleep sensor generates signals that convey information related to the physiological functions that indicate the sleep stage of the subject. The stimulus generator provides a stimulus to the subject that enables information related to the sleep phenotyping parameters to be determined. The processor receives the signals generated by the sleep sensor and is in operative communication with the stimulus generator. The processor (i) determines, based on the signals received from the sleep sensor, whether a trigger condition related to the current sleep stage of the subject is satisfied, (ii) controls the stimulus generator to provide the stimulus to the subject if the trigger condition is satisfied, and (iii) quantifies the response of the subject to the stimulus.

Persons with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) may, or may not, recognize that they have symptoms of SDB, and/or that they may be at-risk of, or suffering certain health problems associated with SDB, including death. The disclosed Energy Conversion Monitor (ECM) sensor, when embodied, for example, in a wearable upper-armband format, has been demonstrated to be more sensitive and responsive than pulse oximetry monitoring of blood oxygen saturation as an indication of hypoxic stress induced by SDB, and is compatible with: (1) inclusion in sleep laboratory polysomnograph (PSG) testing instrumentation, (2) home-based diagnostic testing for SDB, (3) control of home-use airway therapy devices, (4) continuous remote surveillance and refinement of airway therapy, and (5) spot-check and continuous surveillance of sleep quality in the general population. The disclosed ECM also provides new measurements of physiologic stress during and following exercise. When applied during initial care of premature newborn infants, it offers improved therapeutic guidance during their transition from their limited in utero oxygen supply conditions, to the increased oxygen availability from breathing air. When applied during resuscitation of persons suffering from hypoxia and during reperfusion of ischemic tissue, such as during treatment of ischemic stroke, or ischemic heart attack, the ECM sensor can provide objective guidance regarding the safe and effective resupply of oxygen to the hypoxia-adapted tissue to help reduce or prevent microvascular occlusion and cellular injury. As a continuously worn physiologic surveillance monitor, the ECM offers the potential of early detection of sepsis. With the elderly and infirm, it offers a convenient and comfortable means of continuously assessing variations in status while awake and asleep.

The invention provides a lighting system (100) comprising a first lighting element (10) and a control unit (50), wherein: a) the first lighting element (10) is configured to provide first lighting element light (11) with controllable lighting intensity, wherein the first lighting intensity can be selected from a plurality of values in the range of 0-I, with I being a predetermined first lighting element maximum intensity; b) the control unit (50) is configured to maintain a first lighting element intensity, during a first predetermined period at an intensity value larger than zero when a general lighting intensity is below a predetermined first threshold level; c) the control unit (50) is further configured to maintain the first lighting element intensity during a second predetermined period at an intensity value a*y*I when the general lighting intensity level is y*I, y being the factor the general lighting intensity is below I, with 0<y<1, the parameter a being a predetermined lighting setting with 0<a≤1/y; and d) the lighting system is further configured to provide during a third predetermined period first lighting element light (11) with a dynamic property selected from the group of a moving or changing light pattern, a color change, and an intensity change.

A wakefulness-maintenance apparatus applies a stimulus, which is not perceived to be unpleasant to most seated persons, to a seated person, and effectively maintaining the wakefulness of the seated person. After a control device provided to the wakefulness-maintenance apparatus stimulates the seated person using a first stimulus at a timing close to a human heartbeat, if an index showing the wakefulness of the seated person departs within a predetermined time from a standard indicating that the wakefulness has been maintained, the control device drives a stimulus device to stimulate the seated person using a second stimulus having a timing that differs from the first stimulus.

A biological information analysis device including: an indicator extraction unit that is configured to extract, from time-series data regarding blood pressure waveforms consecutively measured by a sensor that is configured to be worn on a body part of a user and to be capable of non-invasively measuring a blood pressure waveform for each heartbeat, data regarding blood pressure waveforms corresponding to a period of time in which a change in blood pressure occurs, and extract an indicator that is related to the functionality of respiratory organs of the user, based on characteristics of the blood pressure waveforms corresponding to the period of time; and a processing unit that performs processing that is based on the indicator thus extracted.

Apparatuses (including devices, kits, and systems) and methods to non-invasively and chemically (rather than thermally) activate thermoreceptors to modulate sleep. For example, described herein are apparatuses including topical compositions that stimulate thermoreceptors on the subject's skin (e.g., forehead, hands, and/or feet) for a period of time to induce a sensation of temperature (heat or cold) without significantly altering the person's actual skin temperature to improve sleep quality, including reducing sleep-onset latency, enhancing depth of sleep, and/or extending the amount of time a subject sleeps. The subject may be suffering from insomnia or some other sleep disorder.