A 3D printing system for construction includes a 3D printing assembly having a pair of tower assemblies, and a pair of rail assemblies. The pair of tower assemblies are movably disposed on the pair of rail assemblies. Each of the pair of rail assemblies defines a longitudinal axis and the pair of tower assemblies are configured to move on the pair of rail assemblies in a direction along the longitudinal axis. Each of the rail assemblies includes a plurality of rail parts. Each of the rail parts includes at least one track extending along the longitudinal axis, an aligning protrusion at a first end portion thereof, and an aligning groove at a second end portion thereof. The aligning groove is configured to accept the aligning protrusion of an adjacent rail part.

A concrete construction made by 3D concrete printing having two or more layers of cementitious material extruded one above the other, and a reinforcing structure reinforcing the two or more layers. The reinforcing structure has at least two flexible longitudinal elongated steel elements running in lengthwise direction, and one or more flexible transverse steel elements forming an angle with the lengthwise direction so that these flexible transverse steel elements are present in the two or more layers. The structure also has a positioning element for positioning the at least two flexible longitudinal elongated elements and the flexible transverse steel elements, a polymer coating or yarns making stitches. The polymer coating or the stitches are applied on the at least two flexible longitudinal elongated steel elements, on the flexible transverse steel elements and on the positioning element thereby making a bond.

An automatic leveling system to maintain a 3D printer for building construction components in a substantially horizontal orientation includes: a support structure to support on a ground surface at least two columns each being supportable at a variable distance above the ground surface; a signal generator to generate a rotatable signal in a substantially horizontal plane; and sensors mounted on the columns to detect the rotatable signal. The variable distances are adjustable based on the detection of the rotatable signal by the sensors.

A method of manufacturing a tower structure includes providing an additive printing device having at least one printer head atop a support surface. The method also includes positioning a pre-fabricated component adjacent to the support surface. The pre-fabricated component is constructed of a composite material reinforced with a plurality of reinforcement members. Further, portions of the plurality of reinforcement members protrude from the composite material. Moreover, the method includes printing and depositing, via the at least one printer head, a cementitious material onto the support surface to build up the tower structure layer by layer around the pre-fabricated component. Thus, the portions of the plurality of reinforcement members that protrude from the composite material reinforce the cementitious material around the pre-fabricated component.

The present invention relates to the field of engineering machinery, and discloses a method and an apparatus for judging the safety of an operation which may be performed by a boom and an engineering machinery, the method including: acquiring parameters for each arm in the boom, wherein the parameters comprise an inclination angle, an arm length, and mass; determining, based on the acquired parameters, a position of the full center of mass of the boom and a position of the combined center of mass from an operating arm to a terminal arm; determining a safety judging basis direction vector based on the position of the full center of mass and the position of the combined center of mass; and judging the safety of an operation which may be performed on the operating arm based on the safety judging basis direction vector. Therefore, it is realized to judge the safety of the operation which may be performed on the operating arm, and the operating arm has not been operated at the time of judging the safety, so the judgment of the safety of the operation which may be performed on the operating arm is pre-judgment, that is, the safety of the operation which is about to be performed on the operating arm is pre-judged, and the predictability is realized.

A method is provided for operating a working machine having a device for conveying thick material. A number of target values relating to the operation of the device for conveying thick material can be adjusted by a user. The method includes the following steps: detecting a number of actual values of the device; calculating a target value optimum for a respective target value of the number of adjustable target values based on the number of detected actual values; and outputting a notification for the user, in the event that an adjusted target value of the number of adjustable target values does not correspond to its calculated target value optimum.

A system and method are provided for manufacturing a tower structure. Accordingly, one or more layers of a wall element are deposited with a printhead assembly. At least one recess is defined in the wall element. The recess(es) has a single, circumferential opening positioned along an inner reference curve or an outer reference curve of the wall element. The recess(es) also has a depth which extends in a radial direction and intersects a midline reference curve. A reinforcing element is placed entirely within the recess(es) at the midline reference curve.

a nozzle assembly for a 3D printer of building construction includes: a chamber to contain a flowable mixture to form a constructional material layer; an outlet to discharge the flowable mixture in a first direction, the outlet being supported for movement in a second direction intersecting the first direction; and an edge smoothing device extending in the first direction from the lower end of the outlet to guide the flow of the flowable mixture discharged from the outlet and to provide a substantially flat side surfaces of the constructional material layer formed according to the movement of the outlet in the second direction.

Systems, methods, and devices for structural 3D printing. A machine frame with multiple articulated arm segments pivoting within planes substantially parallel to the plane of material deposition are controlled by a controller to move a printhead attached to a material line to convey a construction material to a deposit position for dispensation. The controller is configured to receive 3D printing information and convert it to positional coordinates of the printhead, and to cause movement of the articulated arm segments and support members to position the printhead, while using sensor feedback. Vertical movement of the printhead is facilitated through one or more mechanisms such as elevating the machine platform, elevating the articulating arm segments, and/or the incorporation of a mast on one or more of the arm segments.

A concrete construction (100) made by 3D concrete printing that contains: two or more layers (102, 106) of cementitious material extruded one above the other, and at least one elongated steel element (104, 108) reinforcing at least one of the two or more layers. The elongated steel element (104, 108) is provided with a first crimp. Due to the crimp, a good anchorage in concrete is obtained and the anchorage force is predictable, since the standard deviation of the anchorage force is very small. The elongated steel element can be a single steel wire with a diameter D, the amplitude of the crimp ranges from 1.05×D to 5.0×D. The elongated steel element can also be a steel with steel filaments having a maximum diameter d. The amplitude of the crimp ranges from 1.05×d to 5.0×d.