A dog chew is described made from plant-based ingredients (excluding the common allergens, corn, wheat, soy and gluten) and binding agents (such as bone-based gelatins, humectants and preservatives), coated with a flavored material (such as poultry, meat or fish and other flavorings), and being entirely free from commonly used poorly digestible ingredients (such as rawhide, reconstituted rawhide, synthetic materials and gums).

A dog chew is described made from plant-based ingredients (excluding the common allergens, corn, wheat, soy and gluten) and binding agents (such as bone-based gelatins, humectants and preservatives), coated with a flavored material (such as poultry, meat or fish and other flavorings), and being entirely free from commonly used poorly digestible ingredients (such as rawhide, reconstituted rawhide, synthetic materials and gums).

The present invention discloses oral isotonic compositions to provide hydration to mammals in need, comprising a prebiotic oligosaccharide or fructo-oligosaccharide and at least three members of the group consisting of steviol glycoside, citric acid monohydrate, glutamic acid, monosodium glutamate and glycine.

A process for making a dry food is described herein. The process includes providing raw materials for a dry food to a preconditioning vessel at a first flowrate, preconditioning the raw materials in the preconditioning vessel and forming a dough, and moving the dough having a moisture content of from about 4% to about 10% through an inlet of an extruder. The process further includes extruding the dough through a die plate of the extruder and forming kibbles by: applying thermal energy to the dough; and applying mechanical energy to the dough, wherein the ratio of the thermal energy to the mechanical energy can range from at least about 2.0 to about 4.0.

A process for making a dry food is described herein. The process includes providing raw materials for a dry food to a preconditioning vessel at a first flowrate, preconditioning the raw materials in the preconditioning vessel and forming a dough, and moving the dough having a moisture content of from about 4% to about 10% through an inlet of an extruder. The process further includes extruding the dough through a die plate of the extruder and forming kibbles by: applying thermal energy to the dough; and applying mechanical energy to the dough, wherein the ratio of the thermal energy to the mechanical energy can range from at least about 2.0 to about 4.0.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for a pet treat. The present pet treat has an inner portion and an outer portion, and optionally a hollowed space confined by the inner portion. The inner portion may comprise a grain-based composition and a plurality of cavities enclosed therein. The outer portion may comprise a meat-based composition. The inner portion and the outer portion of the pet treat have different compositions and characteristics, which enables the pet treat to have a crunchy and/or crispy palatability profile when chewing.

Disclosed are a pet food and a manufacturing method thereof. The pet food of the present invention includes a storage body having a can shape, an inner cap sealing an upper end of the storage body and provided in a disposable use, an outer cap detachably coupled to the storage body to cover the inner cap, and a plurality of feed bodies stored in the storage body, wherein a plurality of powder members are mixed in the storage body and when the storage body is shaken before feeding the feed to a pet, the plurality of powder members is coated on the plurality of feed bodies.

Disclosed are a pet food and a manufacturing method thereof. The pet food of the present invention includes a storage body having a can shape, an inner cap sealing an upper end of the storage body and provided in a disposable use, an outer cap detachably coupled to the storage body to cover the inner cap, and a plurality of feed bodies stored in the storage body, wherein a plurality of powder members are mixed in the storage body and when the storage body is shaken before feeding the feed to a pet, the plurality of powder members is coated on the plurality of feed bodies.

Methods of preventing/treating ectoparasite infections in fish are disclosed. In an aspect, a method comprises mixing at least one of glucosamine containing product, a lactone containing product, a capsaicin or capsaicinoid containing product, an essential oil, or a combination thereof, with a fish feed ingredient, thus producing a fish food. The method comprises feeding the fish food to the fish such that the ectoparasite (such as sea lice) infection is treated, reduced and/or prevented in the fish. In an aspect, the method comprises mixing a botanical plant extract containing capsaicin, capsaicinoids, vanilloids, or lactone members of the germanocrolide, guianolide or phthalide lactone groups, chosen from at least one of the Apiaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Asteraceae, and Zingeberaceae family groups, with the fish food.

It is disclosed a method of producing a food product for human consumption by using extrusion from a plant-based food material and gutted and plucked poultry comprising bones, hard tissues, tendons, skin and/or cartilages.