A crank and connecting rod mechanism, comprising at least one piston, which reciprocates within at least one cylinder, comprising: at least one connecting rod, comprising: a piston end pivotally connected to the at least one piston, a crank end; at least one gear set, comprising: a crankpin, the crank end pivotally connected to the crankpin; a crank gear; a crank gear shaft, the crank gear rotatably mounted on the crank gear shaft, the crankpin located between centerline of the crank gear shaft and radius of the pitch circle of the crank gear; a stationary gear, the crank gear meshing with the stationary gear, the crank end driving the crankpin, which drives the crank gear and the crank gear shaft about the stationary gear; the crank pin and the crank end rotating about the stationary gear and following the path of a roulette of a centered trochoid about the stationary gear.

A crank and connecting rod mechanism, comprising at least one piston, which reciprocates within at least one cylinder, comprising: at least one connecting rod, comprising: a piston end pivotally connected to the at least one piston, a crank end; at least one gear set, comprising: a crankpin, the crank end pivotally connected to the crankpin; a crank gear; a crank gear shaft, the crank gear rotatably mounted on the crank gear shaft, the crankpin located between centerline of the crank gear shaft and radius of the pitch circle of the crank gear; a stationary gear, the crank gear meshing with the stationary gear, the crank end driving the crankpin, which drives the crank gear and the crank gear shaft about the stationary gear; the crank pin and the crank end rotating about the stationary gear and following the path of a roulette of a centered trochoid about the stationary gear.

A cylinder assembly with a cylinder liner and a sleeve is provided that includes features that reduce coolant flow stagnation. The sleeve encloses a center section of the cylinder liner to form cooling channels that removes excess heat from the combustion area of the cylinder. The cylinder liner includes features for cooling between bridges in the cylinder's exhaust port.

A hybrid engine having a plurality of combustion power assemblies disposed about an engine driveshaft on which is mounted spaced apart cams, each combustion power assembly disposed between the cams radially outward of the driveshaft and having a combustion cylinder with a fuel injector mounted thereon and with a reciprocating piston assembly disposed in each end of the combustion cylinder. A cam follower is attached to each piston assembly and engages a respective cam. An electric power assembly may be mounted radially outward from the driveshaft and adjacent at least one cam as a radial power assembly or may be mounted along the driveshaft between the two cams as an axial power assembly.

A piston engine is provided; the piston engine has a cylinder, a main piston and an auxiliary piston, a combustion chamber is formed between the main piston and the auxiliary piston within the cylinder, the auxiliary piston moves in different frequency along it centerline, a plateau is formed near TDC position of the combustion chamber volume V, there is a preferable PPP in each configuration of the piston, when the combustion peak pressure is at the position of preferable PPP position, the best torque is achieved. Different piston configurations, different ignition timings, dynamic energy recovery and storage are also provided in the invention.

A crank and connecting rod mechanism, comprising at least one piston, which reciprocates within at least one cylinder, comprising: at least one connecting rod, comprising: a piston end pivotally connected to the at least one piston, a crank end; at least one gear set, comprising: a crankpin, the crank end pivotally connected to the crankpin; a crank gear; a crank gear shaft, the crank gear rotatably mounted on the crank gear shaft, the crankpin located between centerline of the crank gear shaft and radius of the pitch circle of the crank gear; a stationary gear, the crank gear meshing with the stationary gear, the crank end driving the crankpin, which drives the crank gear and the crank gear shaft about the stationary gear; the crank pin and the crank end rotating about the stationary gear and following the path of a roulette of a centered trochoid about the stationary gear.

A crank and connecting rod mechanism, comprising at least one piston, which reciprocates within at least one cylinder, comprising: at least one connecting rod, comprising: a piston end pivotally connected to the at least one piston, a crank end; at least one gear set, comprising: a crankpin, the crank end pivotally connected to the crankpin; a crank gear; a crank gear shaft, the crank gear rotatably mounted on the crank gear shaft, the crankpin located between centerline of the crank gear shaft and radius of the pitch circle of the crank gear; a stationary gear, the crank gear meshing with the stationary gear, the crank end driving the crankpin, which drives the crank gear and the crank gear shaft about the stationary gear; the crank pin and the crank end rotating about the stationary gear and following the path of a roulette of a centered trochoid about the stationary gear.

A four-stroke opposed piston engine contains a drive train containing two outer crank shaft gears, and two inner synchro gears, wherein the inner synchro gears are twice the diameter of the outer crank shaft gears. Additionally, novel piston faces are presented that when fixed on opposed pistons, create annular cavities that form advantageous combustion chambers when the pistons are at top dead center.

A movable piston head is provided; the piston head has a head cylinder and a upper piston, a first port and a second port on the head cylinder wall, a first path and a second path in the upper piston, when the first port aligns with the first path horizontally, or the second port aligns with the second path horizontally, the combustion chamber is communicating with external, the upper piston moves up and down to perform intake, exhaust, compression, seal the combustion chamber from external. A variable compression ratio engine and a shifted minimum combustion chamber volume engine are provided. Fuel efficiency is improved and manufacturing cost is reduced, different working sequences and compression ratio control are also provided in the invention.

A crank and connecting rod mechanism, comprising at least one piston, which reciprocates within at least one cylinder, comprising: at least one connecting rod, comprising: a piston end pivotally connected to the at least one piston, a crank end; at least one gear set, comprising: a crankpin, the crank end pivotally connected to the crankpin; a crank gear; a crank gear shaft, the crank gear rotatably mounted on the crank gear shaft, the crankpin located between centerline of the crank gear shaft and radius of the pitch circle of the crank gear; a stationary gear, the crank gear meshing with the stationary gear, the crank end driving the crankpin, which drives the crank gear and the crank gear shaft about the stationary gear; the crank pin and the crank end rotating about the stationary gear and following the path of a roulette of a centered trochoid about the stationary gear.