An internal combustion may include a cylinder having a first combustion chamber at one end and a second combustion chamber at an opposing end, first and second cylinder heads located at an end of the first and second combustion chambers, respectively, and a double-faced piston slidably mounted within the cylinder. The piston may be configured to move in the cylinder in a work stroke from one end to another. The work stroke may include an expansion stroke portion and a non-expansion stroke portion. The non-expansion stroke portion may include a momentum stroke portion, and a compression stroke portion. The engine may further include first and second piston rod portions extending from opposite faces of the piston. Passageways in the piston rod portions may be configured to communicate gases between a combustion chamber and other locations.

A linear reciprocating engine may include a cylinder having a first combustion chamber at one end and a second combustion chamber at an opposing end, first and second cylinder heads located at an end of the first and second combustion chambers, respectively, and a double-faced piston slidably mounted within the cylinder. The engine may further include a first piston rod portion extending from a first face of the double-faced piston through the first combustion chamber, and a second piston rod portion extending from a second face of the piston through the second combustion chamber. Passageways in the piston rod portions may be configured to communicate gases between the combustion chamber and a location outside the cylinder and configured to prevent gases from being exchanged between the cylinder and a location outside the cylinder via a path that crosses both face of the piston.

The present invention concerns an air motor comprising a piston and a housing, the piston being received in the housing and dividing the housing into two primary chambers of variable volume. Said motor comprises a first direct supply valve for supplying a first primary chamber of the two primary chambers and a second direct supply valve for supplying the other primary chamber, said two valves each being movable relative to at least one respective seat. The first valve and the second valve are mounted on a same stem movable relative to the housing in a direction parallel to the direction of movement of the piston, and the stem is configured to be moved between a first position and a second position by moving means activated by the piston.

A vapor powered electro-mechanical generator comprises a cylinder, which is sealed at both ends in which two pistons slidingly move in opposite directions simultaneously. A tube on which the pistons also slide lies at the center of the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. The tube transfers vapor from the inlet to the pressurized side of the pistons to actuate pistons, while one or more exhaust valves are simultaneously opened on the opposite end of the piston stroke allowing the expanded vapor to flow to a condensing system. The pistons consist of magnets at their peripheral circumference. As the vapor expands, the pistons magnets move through coils of conductive wire producing electric current. Further, repulsion magnets repel corresponding piston magnets to provide a cushioned rebound effect while conserving momentum of the generator.

The present disclosure envisages an engine operating on Jaypal cycle. The engine comprises a compressed air source. A combustion chamber is in fluid communication with the compressed air source and a fuel source, wherein the combustion chamber is configured to allow combustion of a fuel charge to produce combusted fuel charge. A first storage tank is in fluid communication with the combustion chamber, wherein the first storage tank is configured to store the combusted fuel charge, which is high pressure high temperature gas to perform work as per application requirements.

Various embodiments of the present invention are directed toward a linear combustion engine, comprising: a cylinder having a cylinder wall and a pair of ends, the cylinder including a combustion section disposed in a center portion of the cylinder; a pair of opposed piston assemblies adapted to move linearly within the cylinder, each piston assembly disposed on one side of the combustion section opposite the other piston assembly, each piston assembly including a spring rod and a piston comprising a solid front section adjacent the combustion section and a gas section; and a pair of linear electromagnetic machines adapted to directly convert kinetic energy of the piston assembly into electrical energy, and adapted to directly convert electrical energy into kinetic energy of the piston assembly for providing compression work during the compression stroke.

Various embodiments of the present invention are directed toward a linear generator, comprising: a cylinder having a cylinder wall and a pair of ends, the cylinder including a reaction section disposed in a center portion of the cylinder; a pair of opposed piston assemblies adapted to move linearly within the cylinder, each piston assembly disposed on one side of the reaction section opposite the other piston assembly, each piston assembly including a spring rod and a piston comprising a solid front section adjacent the reaction section and a gas section; and a pair of linear electromagnetic machines adapted to directly convert kinetic energy of the piston assembly into electrical energy, and adapted to directly convert electrical energy into kinetic energy of the piston assembly for providing compression work during the compression stroke.

A piston is provided for an internal combustion engine. The piston may include a cylindrical first piston portion having a first diameter, a cylindrical second piston portion of the first diameter, and a cylindrical third piston portion of a second diameter less than the first diameter located between the first piston portion and the second piston portion. The first piston portion may be configured such that prior to assembly, the first piston portion is separate from the second piston portion. The piston may also include a continuous, gapless piston ring circumscribing the third piston portion, where the piston ring may be configured such that when heated the piston ring deforms in an axial direction of the piston.

Various embodiments of the present invention are directed toward a linear combustion engine, comprising: a cylinder having a cylinder wall and a pair of ends, the cylinder including a combustion section disposed in a center portion of the cylinder; a pair of opposed piston assemblies adapted to move linearly within the cylinder, each piston assembly disposed on one side of the combustion section opposite the other piston assembly, each piston assembly including a spring rod and a piston comprising a solid front section adjacent the combustion section and a gas section; and a pair of linear electromagnetic machines adapted to directly convert kinetic energy of the piston assembly into electrical energy, and adapted to directly convert electrical energy into kinetic energy of the piston assembly for providing compression work during the compression stroke.

Various embodiments of the present invention are directed toward a linear generator, comprising: a cylinder having a cylinder wall and a pair of ends, the cylinder including a reaction section disposed in a center portion of the cylinder; a pair of opposed piston assemblies adapted to move linearly within the cylinder, each piston assembly disposed on one side of the reaction section opposite the other piston assembly, each piston assembly including a spring rod and a piston comprising a solid front section adjacent the reaction section and a gas section; and a pair of linear electromagnetic machines adapted to directly convert kinetic energy of the piston assembly into electrical energy, and adapted to directly convert electrical energy into kinetic energy of the piston assembly for providing compression work during the compression stroke.