Provided are pet food grains for reducing regurgitation after a meal, containing: puffed grains having a moisture content of 3% to 12% by mass, in which a proportion of grains, each of which has a surface with an arithmetic average surface roughness Sa of 14 μm or greater which is measured using an L-filter having a nesting index of 0.25 mm, is 60% or greater, and a proportion of grains whose hardness immediately after being immersed in dilute hydrochloric acid (pH of 2.5) at 25° C. for 10 minutes is 2.5 kgw or less is 60% or greater.

Use of a seaweed blend to modify gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota of an animal host. Modifying the GI microbiota may comprise modifying a community of bacteria, wherein the community of bacteria comprises Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes and the seaweed blend modifies the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes, such as increasing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes. Further, the seaweed blend modifies specific families of commensal bacteria families including Ruminococceae and Lachnospiraceae within the Phyla Firmicutes. The seaweed blend may comprise (i) 65-80 wt % Ulva; (ii) 3-8 wt % Gracilaria; and (iii) 15-25 wt % Sargassum and/or Ascophyllum.

Use of a seaweed blend to modify gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota of an animal host. Modifying the GI microbiota may comprise modifying a community of bacteria, wherein the community of bacteria comprises Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes and the seaweed blend modifies the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes, such as increasing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes. Further, the seaweed blend modifies specific families of commensal bacteria families including Ruminococceae and Lachnospiraceae within the Phyla Firmicutes. The seaweed blend may comprise (i) 65-80 wt % Ulva; (ii) 3-8 wt % Gracilaria; and (iii) 15-25 wt % Sargassum and/or Ascophyllum.

The invention relates to a water-soluble fermented pea extract. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation thereof and to the use thereof in the human and animal nutrition industry as well as in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetics industries.

Feeding bees a composition containing at least one oxidizing agent (e.g., peroxide), optionally also containing other components such as an oxidizing agent activator or a viscosifying agent, to treat against, reduce and/or limit the spread of bacterial, virus, and fungi infestation in bees and/or beehives.

Feeding bees a composition containing at least one oxidizing agent (e.g., peroxide), optionally also containing other components such as an oxidizing agent activator or a viscosifying agent, to treat against, reduce and/or limit the spread of bacterial, virus, and fungi infestation in bees and/or beehives.

A process for making a dry food is described herein. The process includes providing raw materials for a dry food to a preconditioning vessel at a first flowrate, preconditioning the raw materials in the preconditioning vessel and forming a dough, and moving the dough having a moisture content of from about 4% to about 10% through an inlet of an extruder. The process further includes extruding the dough through a die plate of the extruder and forming kibbles by: applying thermal energy to the dough; and applying mechanical energy to the dough, wherein the ratio of the thermal energy to the mechanical energy can range from at least about 2.0 to about 4.0.

A process for making a dry food is described herein. The process includes providing raw materials for a dry food to a preconditioning vessel at a first flowrate, preconditioning the raw materials in the preconditioning vessel and forming a dough, and moving the dough having a moisture content of from about 4% to about 10% through an inlet of an extruder. The process further includes extruding the dough through a die plate of the extruder and forming kibbles by: applying thermal energy to the dough; and applying mechanical energy to the dough, wherein the ratio of the thermal energy to the mechanical energy can range from at least about 2.0 to about 4.0.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for a pet treat. The present pet treat has an inner portion and an outer portion, and optionally a hollowed space confined by the inner portion. The inner portion may comprise a grain-based composition and a plurality of cavities enclosed therein. The outer portion may comprise a meat-based composition. The inner portion and the outer portion of the pet treat have different compositions and characteristics, which enables the pet treat to have a crunchy and/or crispy palatability profile when chewing.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for a pet treat. The present pet treat has an inner portion and an outer portion, and optionally a hollowed space confined by the inner portion. The inner portion may comprise a grain-based composition and a plurality of cavities enclosed therein. The outer portion may comprise a meat-based composition. The inner portion and the outer portion of the pet treat have different compositions and characteristics, which enables the pet treat to have a crunchy and/or crispy palatability profile when chewing.