A patient interface includes a cushion assembly adapted to form a seal around the patient's nose and/or mouth and a gas washout vent configured to allow a flow of patient exhaled CO.sub.2 to an exterior of the patient interface to minimise rebreathing of exhaled CO.sub.2 by the patient. The cushion assembly defines a plenum chamber pressurised at a pressure above ambient pressure in use. At least one volume reducing member is provided within the plenum chamber to reduce an effective internal volume of the plenum chamber. The at least one volume reducing member is arranged to separate a main volume of the plenum chamber for delivery of the therapy pressure from deadspace volume provided at least superior the entrance to the patient's nasal passages. The main volume is adapted to be in direct fluid communication with the patient's nose and/or mouth and the vent.

A patient interface includes a cushion assembly adapted to form a seal around the patient's nose and/or mouth and a gas washout vent configured to allow a flow of patient exhaled CO.sub.2 to an exterior of the patient interface to minimise rebreathing of exhaled CO.sub.2 by the patient. The cushion assembly defines a plenum chamber pressurised at a pressure above ambient pressure in use. At least one volume reducing member is provided within the plenum chamber to reduce an effective internal volume of the plenum chamber. The at least one volume reducing member is arranged to separate a main volume of the plenum chamber for delivery of the therapy pressure from deadspace volume provided at least superior the entrance to the patient's nasal passages. The main volume is adapted to be in direct fluid communication with the patient's nose and/or mouth and the vent.

A vent arrangement for a mask system includes a mask component and a mask vent provided to the mask component. The mask vent includes a plurality of vent holes each extending through a thickness of the mask component and each including a vent exit, and a continuous side wall structured to surround the plurality of vent exits of the vent holes.

A vent arrangement for a mask system includes a mask component and a mask vent provided to the mask component. The mask vent includes a plurality of vent holes each extending through a thickness of the mask component and each including a vent exit, and a continuous side wall structured to surround the plurality of vent exits of the vent holes.

A mask frame, comprises a central conduit connection aperture and lateral arms having a 3-D curvature. The lateral arms extend: outwardly from a center of the frame, rearwardly, towards the patients ears, and upwardly, along a vector passing from below the nose to a point between the temple the top of the ear. The lateral arms “twist” along their length, such that a bottom margin of an end of each lateral arm is positioned further away from a notional vertical plane passing through the centre of the conduit connection aperture than a top margin.

Also provided is an anti-rotation feature which limits or prevents rotation between straps of a headgear, and the mask frame.

Further provided is a buckle for a closed loop headgear the buckle being formed with a plurality of openings and posts configured to form an angled headgear strap path through the buckle through which part of a headgear strap loop can pass. The buckle also comprises a friction loop opening through which a further of the headgear strap loop can pass, the angle of the angled path being such that the further part of the headgear strap loop frictionally engages the friction loop opening.

A mask frame, comprises a central conduit connection aperture and lateral arms having a 3-D curvature. The lateral arms extend: outwardly from a center of the frame, rearwardly, towards the patients ears, and upwardly, along a vector passing from below the nose to a point between the temple the top of the ear. The lateral arms “twist” along their length, such that a bottom margin of an end of each lateral arm is positioned further away from a notional vertical plane passing through the centre of the conduit connection aperture than a top margin.

Also provided is an anti-rotation feature which limits or prevents rotation between straps of a headgear, and the mask frame.

Further provided is a buckle for a closed loop headgear the buckle being formed with a plurality of openings and posts configured to form an angled headgear strap path through the buckle through which part of a headgear strap loop can pass. The buckle also comprises a friction loop opening through which a further of the headgear strap loop can pass, the angle of the angled path being such that the further part of the headgear strap loop frictionally engages the friction loop opening.

A device is provided for delivering one or more substances within at least one body cavity. The device includes at least one pierceable vial comprising V.sub.sub [ml or mg] of the substances; the vial having at least one fluid discharging outlet port, configured for placement in proximity to the body cavity. The pierceable vial is configured to interface in a sealable manner with at least one pressurized fluid at volume V.sub.PF [ml] and pressure P.sub.PF [barg]. The device, upon actuation, permits the pressurized fluid to enter into the pierceable vial via the at least one fluid inlet port, entrains the substances, and delivers the substances through the fluid discharging outlet port to within the body cavity in the form of at least one selected from a group consisting of drops, droplets, stream, aerosol and any combination thereof.

A device is provided for delivering one or more substances within at least one body cavity. The device includes at least one pierceable vial comprising V.sub.sub [ml or mg] of the substances; the vial having at least one fluid discharging outlet port, configured for placement in proximity to the body cavity. The pierceable vial is configured to interface in a sealable manner with at least one pressurized fluid at volume V.sub.PF [ml] and pressure P.sub.PF [barg]. The device, upon actuation, permits the pressurized fluid to enter into the pierceable vial via the at least one fluid inlet port, entrains the substances, and delivers the substances through the fluid discharging outlet port to within the body cavity in the form of at least one selected from a group consisting of drops, droplets, stream, aerosol and any combination thereof.

A gas feeding apparatus configured to supply the gas to a lumen of a patient through a gas feeding conduit provided in an endoscope, the gas feeding apparatus including: a flow rate sensor configured to measure a flow rate of the gas in the gas feeding conduit; and a control circuit configured to time-sequentially calculate an integrated amount of the gas fed to the lumen in a period from a first timing to a second timing, the first timing being a timing when the gas starts to be fed from the gas feeding conduit to the lumen by an operation of a gas feeding button of the endoscope, the second timing being different from the first timing. The control circuit controls a notification unit to activate an alarm, when the integrated amount of the gas reaches the first threshold.

Respiratory masks made of thermoformed EVA foam are provided. A mask can include a seal that contacts a user's face in use and a housing permanently joined to the seal. Both the seal and housing can be made of EVA foam. The seal and housing can be made of EVA foam having different densities. The mask can further include a frame removably or permanently coupled the housing. Headgear can be coupled to the frame and can couple the mask to the user's face in use.