An adaptive, any-fuel reciprocating engine using sensor feedback integration of high-speed optical sensors with real-time control loops to adaptively manage the electronic actuation schemes over a range of engine loads and fuels. The engine uses one or more optical sensors to collect specific types of gas property data via a spectroscopic technique to adaptively control various components within the engine.

An adaptive, any-fuel reciprocating engine using sensor feedback integration of high-speed optical sensors with real-time control loops to adaptively manage the electronic actuation schemes over a range of engine loads and fuels. The engine uses one or more optical sensors to collect specific types of gas property data via a spectroscopic technique to adaptively control various components within the engine.

The invention relates to a gear device (101) for a motor vehicle, as is used, for example, for adjusting a camshaft in a combustion engine in order to influence the phase angle between crankshaft and camshaft. Such gear devices (101) have to be constructed compactly and also have to have high resistance to wear, in particular on reaching end stops during adjustment of the phase angle. For this purpose, the gear device (101) has hydraulic end stop damping by the drive unit (103) and the output unit (105) having communicating cavities (113, 115).

The invention relates to a gear device (101) for a motor vehicle, as is used, for example, for adjusting a camshaft in a combustion engine in order to influence the phase angle between crankshaft and camshaft. Such gear devices (101) have to be constructed compactly and also have to have high resistance to wear, in particular on reaching end stops during adjustment of the phase angle. For this purpose, the gear device (101) has hydraulic end stop damping by the drive unit (103) and the output unit (105) having communicating cavities (113, 115).

An Oldham coupling includes an engagement arm. At least either a driving-side rotor or an input gear has an engagement portion engaged with the engagement arm and is connected to the Oldham coupling. The engagement arm has a pair of arm flat surface portions perpendicular to a rotational direction of the driving-side rotor. The engagement portion has a pair of engagement flat surface portions that the arm flat surface portions face in a sliding contact manner. Each arm flat surface portion is, within a range where the arm flat surface portion slides against a facing engagement flat surface portion, always in contact with an overlapping portion of the engagement flat surface portion with the arm flat surface portion when viewed from a direction perpendicular to a sliding direction of the Oldham coupling and in which the arm flat surface portion and the engagement flat surface portion overlap each other.

An Oldham coupling includes an engagement arm. At least either a driving-side rotor or an input gear has an engagement portion engaged with the engagement arm and is connected to the Oldham coupling. The engagement arm has a pair of arm flat surface portions perpendicular to a rotational direction of the driving-side rotor. The engagement portion has a pair of engagement flat surface portions that the arm flat surface portions face in a sliding contact manner. Each arm flat surface portion is, within a range where the arm flat surface portion slides against a facing engagement flat surface portion, always in contact with an overlapping portion of the engagement flat surface portion with the arm flat surface portion when viewed from a direction perpendicular to a sliding direction of the Oldham coupling and in which the arm flat surface portion and the engagement flat surface portion overlap each other.

An adaptive, any-fuel reciprocating engine using sensor feedback integration of high-speed optical sensors with real-time control loops to adaptively manage the electronic actuation schemes over a range of engine loads and fuels. The engine uses one or more optical sensors to collect specific types of gas property data via a spectroscopic technique to adaptively control various components within the engine.

An adaptive, any-fuel reciprocating engine using sensor feedback integration of high-speed optical sensors with real-time control loops to adaptively manage the electronic actuation schemes over a range of engine loads and fuels. The engine uses one or more optical sensors to collect specific types of gas property data via a spectroscopic technique to adaptively control various components within the engine.

The present invention concerns a method for electrically controlling a valve actuator in a 2-stroke or 4-stroke engine, where the actuator comprises a first solenoid (A) with a plunger (5) and a second solenoid (B) with a plunger (15), wherein the engine has at least one cylinder (1) with at least one freely controllable engine valve comprising a valve disc (10) with associated valve stem (11) and a valve spring (4) and where air is introduced, or exhaust gases are evacuated from, a combustion chamber (3) past a lower part the valve stem with the valve disc via at least one channel (2) in the cylinder, wherein the valve actuator is activatable to open the engine valve. The invention is characterized in that both the first and second solenoid are activated during opening of the engine valve.

A fully variable electro-hydraulic valve system having a buffering function, comprising: a camshaft (101), a valve assembly (106), a sliding sleeve (103), a spiral shaft (102), a piston (105), and a position restoring spring (104). The sliding sleeve (103) is fixed relative to an engine, the piston (105) abuts against the valve assembly (106), and the spiral shaft (102) is controlled by a cam surface of the camshaft (101) in the axial direction. sliding sleeve (103) is provided with a buffering oil hole (123) that communicates with a buffering cavity (R) and with a low-pressure oil circuit of the engine by means of a throttling device (124). When a valve is going to be seated, the piston collides with a buffering ring (121), and due to the effect of the throttling device, engine oil within the buffering cavity has a damping effect on the movement of the buffering ring.