Methods and systems are provided for a soot sensor. In one example, a method diverting exhaust gas from a main exhaust passage to a second exhaust passage comprising a soot sensor with a rotatable component configurable to capture soot.

The present invention relates to an exhaust treatment apparatus (1) for an internal combustion engine (5). The apparatus includes a catalyst chamber (15) containing a catalyst (35). One or more exhaust gas inlets (11 A-D) are provided for supplying exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine (5) to the catalyst chamber (C). An exhaust gas outlet (21) for supplying exhaust gases from the catalyst chamber to a turbocharger (25). An injection nozzle (19) is provided for introducing a reductant (23) into the exhaust gases between the catalyst (15) and the turbocharger (25). The reductant (23) and the exhaust gases can undergo mixing as they pass through the turbocharger (25). The catalyst (15) can have a three-dimensional open structure to facilitate the flow of exhaust gases. The invention also relates to a method of treating exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine (5).

The invention provides systems and methods for electric power production and integrated combustion and emissions control. The invention may include an engine capable of receiving air and fuel, and producing power and an engine exhaust gas. The invention may also include a first reaction zone receiving the engine exhaust gas from the engine configured to combust fuel and air having an equivalence ratio of more than one, thereby generating a first product. The combustion may reduce nitrogen containing species. The invention may also include a second reaction zone receiving the engine exhaust gas from the engine configured to combust fuel and air having an equivalence ratio of less than one, thereby generating a second product. The combustion may reduce or minimize NOx. The invention may also include a mixing zone configured to receive the first product and second product, and mix and react the first and second products, thereby generating an exhaust with reduced NOx levels. This may occur with sufficient residence time and temperature to complete combustion and promote nitrogenous species reduction reactions. For inventions with multiple zones, fuel or air or exhaust gas may be adjusted, diverted or turned off as load is reduced to maintain flame stability for all zones that remaining operational. For inventions with engine exhaust that provides less oxidant than the burner requires, an air eductor means may be arranged between the engine and the burner that entrains needed additional oxidant and simultaneously recovers the flow energy in the turbine exhaust.

The invention provides systems and methods for electric power production and integrated combustion and emissions control. The invention may include an engine capable of receiving air and fuel, and producing power and an engine exhaust gas. The invention may also include a first reaction zone receiving the engine exhaust gas from the engine configured to combust fuel and air having an equivalence ratio of more than one, thereby generating a first product. The combustion may reduce nitrogen containing species. The invention may also include a second reaction zone receiving the engine exhaust gas from the engine configured to combust fuel and air having an equivalence ratio of less than one, thereby generating a second product. The combustion may reduce or minimize NOx. The invention may also include a mixing zone configured to receive the first product and second product, and mix and react the first and second products, thereby generating an exhaust with reduced NOx levels. This may occur with sufficient residence time and temperature to complete combustion and promote nitrogenous species reduction reactions. For inventions with multiple zones, fuel or air or exhaust gas may be adjusted, diverted or turned off as load is reduced to maintain flame stability for all zones that remaining operational. For inventions with engine exhaust that provides less oxidant than the burner requires, an air eductor means may be arranged between the engine and the burner that entrains needed additional oxidant and simultaneously recovers the flow energy in the turbine exhaust.

An intake-air cooling apparatus for a vehicle includes an intercooler of a turbocharger, and an intake line to which compressed air is supplied from the intercooler. A fluid moving unit is connected at a first side thereof to the intercooler and connected at a second side thereof to the intake line, cools indoor air via a Peltier element.

An intake-air cooling apparatus for a vehicle includes an intercooler of a turbocharger, and an intake line to which compressed air is supplied from the intercooler. A fluid moving unit is connected at a first side thereof to the intercooler and connected at a second side thereof to the intake line, cools indoor air via a Peltier element.

An electrical controller for electric rotating machines is provided. A control system for electric rotating machines transmits a controlled quantity of current to or from different windings of the electric rotating machine at any given time. Furthermore, the amplitude of the current is independently variable of the timing and duration of the transmission of the current to or from the windings. This allows increased control of the electric rotating machine and facilitates the operation of the electric motor at high mechanical and/or electrical speeds.

An electrical controller for electric rotating machines is provided. A control system for electric rotating machines transmits a controlled quantity of current to or from different windings of the electric rotating machine at any given time. Furthermore, the amplitude of the current is independently variable of the timing and duration of the transmission of the current to or from the windings. This allows increased control of the electric rotating machine and facilitates the operation of the electric motor at high mechanical and/or electrical speeds.

An engine system may include main exhaust ports fluidly communicated with each combustion chamber, main exhaust valves opening and closing each main exhaust port, a main exhaust manifold connected with the main exhaust ports, scavenge exhaust ports fluidly communicated with the each combustion chamber, scavenge valves opening and closing the each scavenge exhaust port, a scavenge manifold connected with the scavenge exhaust ports, in which at least a part of an exhaust gas passing through the scavenge manifold is re-circulated to the combustion chamber to be burned.

A fluid energy harvester, including a housing having at least one port and an outlet, and the housing defining at least one fluid passageway therein. The fluid energy harvester also includes a converter disposed within the housing and configured to convert at least a portion of potential energy in an exhaust fluid, a generator operably coupled to the converter and configured to generate an electrical current from the converter, a charging controller electrically coupled to the generator, and a storage medium electrically coupled to the generator and configured to store the electrical current generated by the generator. The fluid energy harvester further includes a nozzle configured to control a flow of the exhaust fluid.