A method of calculating a nitrogen oxide (NOx) mass reduced from a lean NOx trap (LNT) during regeneration includes calculating a C3H6 mass flow used to reduce the NOx among a C3H6 mass flow flowing into the LNT of an exhaust purification device, calculating a NH3 mass flow used to reduce the NOx among a NH3 mass flow generated in the LNT, calculating a reduced NOx mass flow based on the C3H6 mass flow used to reduce the NOx and the NH3 mass flow used to reduce the NOx, and calculating the reduced NOx mass by integrating the reduced NOx mass flow over a regeneration period.

A method of generating vehicle control data includes: storing, with a storage device, relationship prescription data; operating, with an execution device, an operable portion of an internal combustion engine; acquiring, with the execution device, a detection value from a sensor that detects the state of the vehicle; calculating, with the execution device, a reward; and updating, with the execution device, the relationship prescription data using update mapping determined in advance, the update mapping using the state of the vehicle based on the detection value, an operation amount used to operate the operable portion, and the reward corresponding to the operation as arguments, and returning the relationship prescription data which have been updated such that an expected profit for the reward calculated when the operable portion is operated in accordance with the relationship prescription data increases.

To keep medium purification efficiency at a high level and prevent deterioration of emission performance. An aspect of the present invention includes: a downstream equivalence ratio calculation unit that calculates a catalyst downstream exhaust gas equivalence ratio by using a catalyst statistical model that receives at least a detection value of an air-fuel ratio sensor on an upstream side of a catalyst and outputs a catalyst downstream exhaust gas equivalence ratio; an oxygen output calculation unit that calculates an output value of an oxygen sensor by using an oxygen sensor statistical model that receives the catalyst downstream exhaust gas equivalence ratio and outputs an output value of the oxygen sensor on the downstream side of the catalyst; a downstream equivalence ratio correction unit that corrects the catalyst downstream exhaust gas equivalence ratio calculated by the downstream equivalence ratio calculation unit based on a calculation result of the oxygen output calculation unit and the detection value of the oxygen sensor; and an air-fuel ratio control unit that controls an air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture of an internal combustion engine based on the corrected catalyst downstream exhaust gas equivalence ratio and air-fuel ratio target value.

Systems and methods for controlling a performance variable of an engine system are provided. An apparatus includes a response model circuit structured to apply a constraint to a response model that represents a relationship regarding a manipulated variable or a relationship between the performance variable and the manipulated variable. The apparatus further includes an optimization circuit structured to determine a target for the manipulated variable via the response model such that the target of the manipulated variable satisfies the constraint of the response model. The performance variable is indicative of performance of operation of the engine system and the manipulated variable is capable of affecting the performance variable. Operation of the engine system is adjusted based upon the target of the manipulated variable by controlling at least one of a fuel system or an air handling system of the engine system.

A selective catalytic reduction system includes a reducing agent injection module installed in an exhaust pipe through which an exhaust gas is discharged from an engine and configured to inject a reducing agent into the exhaust pipe, a temperature calculator configured to calculate a temperature of the reducing agent injection module using temperature-related information of the reducing agent injection module, and a temperature controller configured to control to increase a reducing agent injection amount of the reducing agent injection module when the calculated temperature.

A system includes a controller configured to perform an enable operation responsive to receiving information indicative of an enable parameter, the enable operation includes: determining a predicted downstream NOx value of an exhaust gas stream exiting a NOx storage catalyst; determining a downstream NOx value of the exhaust gas stream exiting the NOx storage catalyst; determining an error between the predicted downstream NOx value and the determined downstream NOx value; comparing the error to an error threshold; and determining that the NOx storage catalyst is in good health responsive to determining that the error does not exceed the error threshold. The controller is further configured to perform a disable operation responsive to receiving information indicative of a disable parameter, the disable operation causing a deactivation of at least a portion of the controller.

A heating system includes at least one electric heater disposed within the fluid flow system. A control device includes a microprocessor and is configured to determine a temperature of the at least one electric heater based on a model and at least one input from the fluid flow system. The control device is configured to provide power to the at least one electric heater based on the temperature of the at least one electric heater.

A control device is configured to execute a process of calculating an increase amount of deterioration obtained by subtracting from a first degree of deterioration that is a degree of deterioration of the three-way catalyst during execution of the oxygen supply process a second degree of deterioration that is a degree of deterioration of a three-way catalyst in a case where an oxygen supply process of supplying oxygen to an exhaust passage is assumed not to be executed, a process of calculating an integrated value of the increase amount of deterioration, and a process of executing a deterioration reduction process of reducing a rate of deterioration of the three-way catalyst in a case where the calculated integrated value is equal to or larger than a first determination value.

A method is disclosed for controlling an injector for injecting a reductant into a selective catalytic reduction system of an internal combustion engine. A value of a concentration of nitrogen-oxides in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system downstream of the selective catalytic reduction system is measured, and a first difference is calculated between the measured value of the nitrogen-oxides concentration and a predetermined reference value thereof. A value of a concentration of ammonia in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system downstream of the selective catalytic reduction system is measured, and a second difference is calculated between the measured value of the ammonia concentration and a predetermined reference value thereof. A quantity of reductant to be injected by the injector is calculated as a function of the calculated first difference and second difference, and the injector is operated to inject the calculated quantity of reductant.

The invention relates to a method for a vehicle system (100) comprising an internal combustion engine (10) having a turbocharger unit (110) connected thereto, a turbocompound unit (120) arranged to receive exhaust gas flowing from the turbocharger unit (110), and an exhaust gas recirculation system (130). The method comprises controlling the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas recirculation system (130) by determining a pressure difference, and, if the determined pressure difference is above a predetermined threshold value directing the recirculated exhaust gas to an air intake line (160) downstream a charge air cooler (170), and, if the determined pressure difference is not above the predetermined threshold value directing the recirculated exhaust gas to a compressor (114) of the turbocharger unit (110).