A mixing device for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes a mixing section (14) with a mixing section inlet area (20) to be positioned downstream in relation to a reactant introduction device (12). A mixing section outlet area (22) is positioned upstream in relation to a catalytic converter device (16). The mixing section (14) includes an inner wall (26) surrounding an inner volume (28), through which exhaust gas (A) or/and reactant (R) can flow, and an outer wall (24) surrounding the inner wall (26). An outer volume (30) surrounds the inner volume (28) in a ring-shape, formed between the inner wall and the outer wall (24). An electrically energizable heating device (34) is provided at the inner wall (26), or/and a heat transfer rib formation (54) is provided at the inner wall (26).

Embodiments relate to an exhaust gas after-treatment device with an exhaust line having an inlet for discharging the exhaust gas and a thermal reactor, which is arranged in the exhaust line and has a first, thermal reaction zone for the exhaust gas flow, where a mixing device is provided for admixing a reducing agent to the exhaust gas flow in the exhaust line, which is arranged between the inlet and the thermal reactor and where the thermal reactor has at least one second reaction zone for a catalytic reaction in the exhaust gas flow with the involvement of the reducing agent.

An electrochemical reactor includes a plurality of plate-shaped members and a plurality of passages defined by the plurality of plate-shaped members. Each plate-shaped member includes a cell including an ion conducting solid electrolyte layer, an anode layer arranged on a surface of the solid electrolyte layer, and a cathode layer arranged on a surface of the solid electrolyte layer at an opposite side to the surface at which the anode layer is arranged. The plate-shaped members are configured so that, for all of the passages, both of an anode layer of at least one plate-shaped member among the plurality of plate-shaped members defining the passages and a cathode layer of at least one other plate-shaped member among the plurality of plate-shaped members defining the passages face the passages.

An exhaust purification system includes an electrochemical reactor provided in an engine exhaust passage; a bypass passage bypassing the electrochemical reactor; a flow control valve controlling an amount of exhaust gas, discharged from an engine body, flowing into the electrochemical reactor and the bypass passage; and a control device controlling the flow control valve. The electrochemical reactor includes a holding material holding NO.sub.X or HC and is configured so as to purify NO.sub.X or HC held at the holding material if encrgized. The control device controls the flow control valve so as to control the amount of exhaust gas flowing into the electrochemical reactor so that a temperature of the electrochemical reactor is maintained at less than a desorption start temperature where NO.sub.X or HC starts to be desorbed from the holding material.

A thermoelectric power generation device including: a heating unit having a heat medium passage in which a heat medium flows; a cooling unit having a cooling liquid passage in which a cooling liquid flows; a thermoelectric element having the heating unit and the cooling unit so as to generate power by utilizing a temperature difference between a condensation temperature of the heat medium and a temperature of the cooling liquid; a power generation output detection unit configured to detect a power generation output of the thermoelectric element; a heat medium pressure detection unit configured to detect a pressure of the heat medium; a storage unit for storing, in advance, a relationship between a power generation output of the thermoelectric element and the pressure of the heat medium; and an abnormality detection unit configured to detect an abnormality taking place in the thermoelectric power generation device.

A thermoelectric power generation system including a plurality of thermoelectric power generation devices. Each of the thermoelectric power generation devices includes: a heating unit having a heat medium passage in which a heat medium flows; a cooling unit having a cooling liquid passage in which a cooling liquid flows; a thermoelectric element having the heating unit and the cooling unit so as to generate power by utilizing a temperature difference between a condensation temperature of the heat medium and a temperature of the cooling liquid; and a heat transfer pipe communicated with the heat medium passage to form a circulation path in which the heat medium circulates. The heat transfer pipes of the respective thermoelectric power generation devices are arranged in a single flow path in which a high temperature fluid flows. The heat medium passages of the thermoelectric power generation devices are structured to communicate with each other.

A heat generation system including: a liquid storage tank; a heating element including: a reaction container having a storage space, and a porous body stored in the storage space, and loaded with an exothermic reaction solid that causes an exothermic reaction when being in contact with the liquid; a liquid injection mechanism member including: a liquid flow pipe that communicates between the liquid storage tank and the storage space of the reaction container, through which the liquid flows, and an injection unit that injects the liquid into the storage space; and discharge mechanism member including: a discharge pipe that communicates with the storage space of the reaction container, and a discharge unit that discharges a liquid product generated by the exothermic reaction caused by contact between the liquid and the exothermic reaction solid, and a vaporized material of the liquid, from the storage space through the discharge pipe.

An internal combustion engine assembly comprising a fuel reformer, a combustion chamber and a controller. The fuel reformer comprises a first channel and a second channel, a portion of the second channel being adjacent to a portion of the first channel to facilitate heat exchange between the first and second channels. The first channel comprises a catalyst selected to reform ammonia to hydrogen and nitrogen. The first channel is configured to receive ammonia, pass the ammonia over the catalyst and output a first mixture comprising ammonia, hydrogen and nitrogen. The composition of the first mixture depends on a first reformer temperature of the first channel. The combustion chamber is configured to receive the first mixture from the fuel reformer; to receive an oxidant; to combust the first mixture in the oxidant to produce heat and a first product; and to output the first product. The second channel of the fuel reformer is configured to receive the first product.

A mixing device for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes a mixing section (14) with a mixing section inlet area (20) to be positioned downstream in relation to a reactant introduction device (12). A mixing section outlet area (22) is positioned upstream in relation to a catalytic converter device (16). The mixing section (14) includes an inner wall (26) surrounding an inner volume (28), through which exhaust gas (A) or/and reactant (R) can flow, and an outer wall (24) surrounding the inner wall (26). An outer volume (30) surrounds the inner volume (28) in a ring-shape, formed between the inner wall and the outer wall (24). An electrically energizable heating device (34) is provided at the inner wall (26), or/and a heat transfer rib formation (54) is provided at the inner wall (26).

A nitrogen oxide reduction type regenerative thermal oxidation system and a method for nitrogen oxide reduction thereof are disclosed. The nitrogen oxide reduction type regenerative thermal oxidation system according to the present invention is characterized by comprising: a first reduction device for primarily reducing nitrogen oxides generated by a regenerative thermal oxidation device based on a selective non-catalytic reduction method; an exhaust gas storage device for storing the exhaust gas being discharged from the regenerative thermal oxidation device; a second reduction device for secondarily reducing nitrogen oxides based on a selective catalytic reduction method for an exhaust gas stored in the exhaust gas storage device; and a suction and discharge device for sucking in the exhaust gas with secondarily reduced nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas storage device and discharging it into the atmosphere.