Injection nozzle 7 and electrode rods 8 and 9 (ignitor) are surrounded by double-cylinder flame stabilizer 10. Toroidal blocking plate 13 closes between inner and outer cylinders 11 and 12 of the stabilizer at its distal end whose proximal end is connected with line 15 for introducing combustion air 14 to between the cylinders. Inflow holes 16 are formed throughout the inner cylinder at its proximal end. Peripheral fins 17 are formed peripherally on the inner cylinder radially inwardly through cutting and bending-up at positions shifted from the inflow holes toward the distal end of the inner cylinder such that combustion air is introduced from circumferentially to form swirling flow inside the inner cylinder. End fins 18 are formed on the blocking plate in fuel injection direction through cutting and bending-up such that combustion air is discharged circumferentially to form swirling flow around flame 21.

An exhaust system for a dual-fuel engine includes an exhaust treatment component in an exhaust passageway. The exhaust treatment component is configured to treat exhaust from the combustion of a second fuel and not from combustion of a first fuel. A thermal enhancement device is in communication with the exhaust passageway and positioned upstream from the exhaust treatment component. A controller activates and deactivates the thermal enhancement device based on switching from the first fuel to the second fuel, wherein the first fuel has a higher sulfur content than the second fuel. The thermal enhancement device increases the temperature of an exhaust to combust a residual amount of the first fuel present in the exhaust passageway during the switch between the first fuel and the second fuel.

A burner includes a tubular inner tube portion and a tubular outer tube portion. The inner tube portion mixes fuel with air. The outer tube portion surrounds the inner tube portion. A peripheral wall of the inner tube portion has a gaseous mixture outflow hole. The gaseous mixture outflow hole causes a clearance between an inner peripheral surface of the outer tube portion and an outer peripheral surface of the inner tube portion to communicate with an interior of the inner tube portion. A peripheral wall of the outer tube portion has an air supplying hole. The air supplying hole further supplies air to the clearance.

An engine exhaust treatment apparatus, which suppresses thermal damage to an electrothermal ignition apparatus, includes: an exhaust passage; an oxidation catalyst disposed in the exhaust passage; a combustible gas generator; a combustible gas supplying passage; a heat dissipation port opened upstream in the exhaust passage from the oxidation catalyst and in a downstream part of the combustible gas supplying passage, the exhaust passage and the combustible gas supplying passage communicating with each other through the heat dissipation port; and an electrothermal ignition apparatus disposed in the combustible gas supplying passage. Heat of flaming combustion of the combustible gas ignited by the electrothermal ignition apparatus is supplied to the exhaust passage, to raise the temperature of exhaust in the exhaust passage. A heat dissipation plate is attached to an outer projecting portion of the electrothermal ignition apparatus. The outer projecting portion projects outside a wall of the exhaust treatment apparatus.

An exhaust gas aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine charged by an exhaust gas turbocharger and spark-ignited by means of spark plugs has a particulate filter and a first three-way catalytic converter downstream from the particulate filter in a position close to the engine in an exhaust gas system connected to an outlet of the internal combustion engine and another three-way catalytic converter arranged in the underbody position of the motor vehicle, downstream from the first three-way catalytic converter. An exhaust gas burner is active from the start of the engine, introducing hot exhaust gas into the exhaust gas system downstream from the particulate filter, in order to heat at least one of the three-way catalytic converts to a light-off temperature, as quickly as possible after the cold start, thereby allowing an efficient exhaust gas aftertreatment. The exhaust gas burner can be switched off when at least one of the two three-way catalytic converters has reached its light-off temperature.

A fuel injector for an exhaust heater includes a cover and an air blast nozzle. The cover has a nozzle seat, a fuel inlet, and an air inlet, the nozzle seat arranged along a flow axis. The air blast nozzle is seated in the nozzle seat and has a unibody. The air blast nozzle unibody is in fluid communication with the fuel inlet and the air inlet arranged along the flow axis to port fuel and air into a combustion volume, e.g., to heat a stream of exhaust gas flowing between an engine and a catalytic reactor by combustion with fuel introduced through the fuel inlet and air introduced through the air inlet.

A heating device for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and having: a tubular body, where a combustion chamber is obtained on the inside; a fuel injector, which injects fuel into the combustion chamber; at least one inlet opening, which can be connected to a fan so as to receive an air flow, which is directed to the combustion chamber and gets mixed with the fuel; a feeding channel, which receives air from the inlet opening, surrounds an end portion of the fuel injector and ends with a nozzle, which is arranged around an injection point of the fuel injector; and a spark plug, which is mounted through a side wall of the tubular body so as to trigger the combustion of a mixture of air and fuel. The fuel injector is configured to spray at least 80% of the fuel against an inner surface of the feeding channel.

Provided is a combustion system using a catalyst having better denitration efficiency at low temperatures, during a selective catalytic reduction reaction in which ammonia is used as a reducing agent.

This combustion system comprises: a combustion device that combusts fuel; an exhaust path through which flows exhaust gas generated from the combustion of fuel in the combustion device; a dust collection device that is arranged on the exhaust path and collects soot/dust in the exhaust gas; and a denitration device that is arranged on the exhaust path and removes nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas by means of a denitration catalyst, wherein the denitration device is arranged downstream of the dust collection device on the exhaust path, and the denitration catalyst contains vanadium oxide, has a carbon content of 0.05 wt % or more, and has a defect site in which oxygen deficiency occurs in a crystal structure.

An exhaust gas aftertreatment system includes a first sensor configured to measure a parameter and a second sensor disposed proximate the first sensor and configured to measure the parameter. The system includes a controller configured to initially utilize the first sensor as a primary sensor. At target intervals, the controller is configured to receive a first sensor value from the first sensor and receive a second sensor value from the second sensor. The controller is configured to calculate a difference between the first sensor value and the second sensor value and determine if the difference between the first sensor value and the second sensor value is greater than a threshold value. If the difference between the first and second sensor values is greater than the threshold value, the controller is configured to stop utilizing the first sensor as the primary sensor and utilize the second sensor as the primary sensor.

A spray bar injector including a spray bar defining a longitudinal axis and including a fluid inlet and a plurality of spray outlet orifices spaced apart longitudinally in a direction along the longitudinal axis. A check or spray valve is operatively connected to each spray outlet orifice. A master valve is in fluid communication with the fluid inlet, operatively connected to divert flow from the fluid inlet into a first passage and block flow into a second passage in a first position to open the check valves and issue a spray from the spray outlet orifices, and to divert flow from the fluid inlet into the second passage and block flow into the first passage in a second position to close the check valves and block issue of spray from the spray outlet orifices.