A dual-chamber electrolysis vessel safely stores HHO gas for use by an internal combustion engine.

An integrated vehicle on-board system configured to generate hydrogen and to introduce the generated hydrogen into an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine, the system including a water-splitting article configured to split water into hydrogen and oxygen and a hydrogen injection article configured to introduce the hydrogen into the exhaust gas stream, is effective for the abatement of carbon monoxide and/or hydrocarbons and/or nitrogen oxides. The introduction of hydrogen may be intermittent and/or during a cold-start period.

Safety of vehicles employing an electrolysis generator is improved by a rollover abatement system.

An electrochemical reactor arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine has a honeycomb member wherein a plurality of cells are formed. The honeycomb comprising an upstream and a downstream side partial honeycombs. The upstream side has a plurality of first and second cells arranged to at least partially adjoin the first cells through partition wall base members including an ion conductive solid electrolyte. The downstream side has a plurality of third and fourth cells arranged to at least partially adjoin the third cells through partition wall base members including an ion conductive solid electrolyte. The first and fourth cells have cathode layers, and second and third cells have anode layers. The electrochemical reactor is configured so all of the exhaust gas flowing through the first cells flows into the third cells and all of the exhaust gas flowing through the second cells flows into the fourth cells.

An electrochemical reactor arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine has a honeycomb member wherein a plurality of cells are formed. The honeycomb comprising an upstream and a downstream side partial honeycombs. The upstream side has a plurality of first and second cells arranged to at least partially adjoin the first cells through partition wall base members including an ion conductive solid electrolyte. The downstream side has a plurality of third and fourth cells arranged to at least partially adjoin the third cells through partition wall base members including an ion conductive solid electrolyte. The first and fourth cells have cathode layers, and second and third cells have anode layers. The electrochemical reactor is configured so all of the exhaust gas flowing through the first cells flows into the third cells and all of the exhaust gas flowing through the second cells flows into the fourth cells.

An HHO gas stream for use in an internal combustion engine is heated by heat exchange from with an exhaust gas stream from the internal combustion engine.

An internal combustion engine 1 is provided, in an exhaust passage thereof with an electrochemical reactor including: an ion conductive solid electrolyte layer; an anode layer arranged on a surface of the solid electrolyte layer; and a cathode layer arranged on a surface of the solid electrolyte layer and able to hold NO.sub.X. The engine includes a current control device for controlling the current supplied to the electrochemical reactor so as to flow from the anode layer through the solid electrolyte layer to the cathode layer. The current control device is configured so as to supply current to the electrochemical reactor at least temporarily while that internal combustion engine is stopped.

In a method for exhaust gas aftertreatment, in which an exhaust gas to be aftertreated, which is produced during combustion of a fuel, is treated with a reducing agent. A constituent of the fuel is hereby also used as a constituent of the reducing agent, with the constituent of the fuel which is also used as a constituent of the reducing agent being hydrogen. The hydrogen is produced from water, and the reducing agent is a mixture of hydrogen and ammonia.

Methods and systems are provided for an exhaust gas treatment device. In one example, the exhaust gas treatment device comprises an electrochemical cell having a first electrode, a second electrode and an electrolyte provided between the first and second electrodes, wherein the electrochemical cell is configured to convert a first pollutant species, such as nitric oxide, within the exhaust gas to a second pollutant species, such as nitrogen dioxide, such that a concentration of the second pollutant species within the exhaust gases leaving the exhaust gas treatment device is increased relative to the exhaust gases entering the exhaust gas treatment device.

A dual-chamber electrolysis vessel safely stores HHO gas for use by an internal combustion engine.