A multi-chamber assembly safely stores enhancement gas for efficient and complete combustion of a carbonaceous fuel is presented. The multi-chamber assembly safely stores the enhancement gas, for example, for use by the internal combustion engine such as an internal combustion engine of a vehicle and/or a generator.

A system for efficient combustion of a carbonaceous fuel is presented. An ultra low quantity of enhancement gas may be introduced to an internal combustion engine to improve at least one operating metric of the internal combustion engine such as fuel economy and/or reduce engine-out emissions, for example in a vehicle or generator.

The present invention relates to an electrolysis apparatus for collecting a nitrogen compound using ferric-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Fe-EDTA), and more particularly, to an electrolysis apparatus for collecting a nitrogen compound in exhaust gas by supplying electric energy to cause a redox reaction of Fe-EDTA.

A dual-chamber electrolysis vessel safely stores HHO gas for use by an internal combustion engine.

An operational control system for an internal combustion engine, an internal combustion engine, a vehicle and a method of onboard generation of hydrogen in a vehicle being powered by an internal combustion engine. The operational control system includes a source of electric current, a gas generator with a supply of hydrogen precursor material and one or both of an SCR device and a fuel octane boosting device. The gas generator is configured to convert the contained precursor material into an H.sub.2 gas by operation of solar energy, electrical energy or both being delivered by the source. The SCR device is fluidly cooperative with the gas generator such that a catalyst-activated fluid-permeable medium disposed in an exhaust gas flowpath defined by the SCR device accepts the passage of the exhaust gas through it and at least intermittently receives the H.sub.2 gas from the gas generator to perform catalytic reduction of NO.sub.x. Likewise, the fuel octane boosting device defines an H.sub.2 gas conduit that is structured to deliver H.sub.2 from the gas generator can be at least intermittently introduced to the internal combustion engine as a way to provide an enhanced energy content to diesel, gasoline or related fuel being combusted therein.

The production efficiency of ammonia is more raised while avoiding the necessity for a user to supply water for himself/herself in order to produce the ammonia. An exhaust gas purification apparatus comprises a catalyst which purifies an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine by using ammonia; and an ammonia supplier which supplies the ammonia to the catalyst; wherein the ammonia supplier includes an ammonia producer which produces the ammonia from nitrogen and water; a nitrogen supplier which separates the nitrogen from air and which supplies the nitrogen to the ammonia producer; and a water supplier which separates the water from the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine and which supplies the water to the ammonia producer.

Disclosed herein are emission treatment systems comprising an oxidation catalyst composition in fluid communication with an exhaust gas stream emitted from an engine that combusts both hydrocarbon fuel and hydrogen; and optionally, at least one selective catalytic reduction (SCR) composition and/or at least one three-way conversion (TWC) catalyst composition, combustion systems comprising the same, and method of treating an exhaust gas stream, such as, e.g., an exhaust gas produced by combusting hydrogen fuel during a cold-start period, using the same.

An exhaust after-treatment system including an exhaust passage, a lean-NOx trap (LNT) provided in the exhaust passage, a tank carrying an aqueous reagent, an electrochemical cell in communication with the tank and configured to receive the aqueous reagent therefrom, the electrochemical cell configured to convert the aqueous reagent into a hydrogen exhaust treatment fluid for purging the LNT, and a controller in communication with the electrochemical cell, wherein the controller is configured to vary an amount of the hydrogen exhaust treatment fluid produced by the electrochemical cell.

An exhaust after-treatment system including an exhaust passage, a lean-NOx trap (LNT) provided in the exhaust passage, a tank carrying an aqueous reagent, an electrochemical cell in communication with the tank and configured to receive the aqueous reagent therefrom, the electrochemical cell configured to convert the aqueous reagent into a hydrogen exhaust treatment fluid for purging the LNT, and a controller in communication with the electrochemical cell, wherein the controller is configured to vary an amount of the hydrogen exhaust treatment fluid produced by the electrochemical cell.

An internal combustion engine system includes an internal combustion engine, an exhaust aftertreatment system with a catalytic converter configured to receive exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, and a light-off catalyst system including an electrolyzer configured to perform an electrolysis of water to produce a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases. A conduit is in fluid communication between the electrolyzer and an intake of the internal combustion engine. A controller is configured to supply the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases to the engine intake during a cold start to facilitate rapidly warming the catalytic converter to a light-off temperature.