In a catalytic converter having a catalyst support that generates heat by being energized, short circuiting due to soot within exhaust is suppressed. A catalyst support is provided in a range of a glass coat layer that is provided on an inner surface of a tube body. A maximum diameter portion of an upstream side reduced diameter member and a maximum diameter portion of a downstream tube are positioned in the range of the glass coat layer.

A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine is provided. The control apparatus is equipped with an electronic control unit. A CPU with which this electronic control unit is equipped performs dither control for setting a first cylinder as a rich-burn cylinder whose air-fuel ratio is richer than a theoretical air-fuel ratio and setting each of second to fourth cylinders as a lean-burn cylinder whose air-fuel ratio is leaner than the theoretical air-fuel ratio, when a request to raise the temperature of a three-way catalyst is made. Then, the CPU reduces the degree of richness of the rich-burn cylinder and the degree of leanness of each of the lean-burn cylinders while continuing dither control, on the condition that fluctuations at a level equal to or higher than a predetermined value are caused in time-series data on the rotational speed resulting from the combustion in each of the cylinders.

According to various embodiments, an exhaust treatment system includes a catalyst that is in direct contact with an exhaust stream, at least one sensor that senses a system parameter and produces one or more signals corresponding to the system parameter, and a controller that is configured to receive the one or more signals and control catalyst performance based on the one or more signals by regenerating the catalyst. Regenerating the catalyst includes increasing a temperature of the exhaust stream flowing to the catalyst and directing a reductant injector to adjust a flow rate of reductant being injected into the exhaust stream flowing to the catalyst.

A motor vehicle includes an internal combustion engine, an after-treatment device to treat first exhaust gases produced by the internal combustion engine, a first exhaust line configured to feed the first exhaust gases to the after-treatment device, combustion means configured to produce second exhaust gases with a combustion chamber and an injector device that can be controlled to inject the fuel into the combustion chamber, a second exhaust line configured to feed the second exhaust gases to the after-treatment device, a tank to hold the fuel, and a supply line configured to feed a fuel stream from the tank to the injector device, the supply line comprising a valve that can be controlled according to at least one first control mode and a second control mode, wherein the valve respectively allows and prevents a fuel flow passage to the injector device.