An exhaust structure for an exhaust manifold includes a body including a first inlet section configured to receive exhaust gas, a second inlet section configured to receive exhaust gas, and an outlet section disposed in fluid communication with each of the first inlet section and the second inlet section to receive exhaust gas, wherein exhaust gas from the first inlet section and the second inlet section exit the exhaust structure through the outlet section, and wherein the outlet section includes a flange. The body may include a rib extending generally along the longitudinal axis and disposed on a surface of the outlet section, the rib including a first section having a first inclined surface, a second section spaced from the first section and having a second inclined surface, and a third section disposed between the first section and the second section, the third section having a curved surface.

A honeycomb body includes at least one housing and a honeycomb structure with a plurality of channels. The honeycomb structure is formed from at least one at least partially structured metallic layer which forms connecting points fixing the honeycomb structure. A cross section of the honeycomb structure has radial zones with differing densities of the connecting points. In at least one zone, at least 1% and at most 20% of inner contact points in the cross section also form a connecting point. An exhaust-gas purification unit and a motor vehicle are also provided.

Provided is a gasket effectively suppressing heat transfer from an exhaust pipe with an injector retention section to a reducing-agent injector. The gasket includes a first plate to contact a retaining wall of the injector retention section, the first plate having a first opening allowing the reducing agent to be injected and a first bolt insert-through hole, a second plate disposed closer to the reducing-agent injector than the first plate, the second plate having a second opening allowing the reducing agent to be injected and a second bolt insert-through hole, and a spacing keeping member that retains a spacing between the first and second plates to form a heat insulation space therebetween. The heat insulation space has a shape allowing at least a part of the heat insulation space to communicate with the outside of the gasket between the first and second plates.

A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes an ECU configured to: determine whether a temperature-increasing process is being executed; calculate a target value of a parameter correlated with a difference between a rich air-fuel ratio and a lean air-fuel ratio achieved in the temperature-increasing process, based on an operating state of the internal combustion engine; calculate, as an upper limit, a value of the parameter required to increase the temperature of the catalyst to a predetermined upper limit temperature; determine whether the target value is equal to or lower than the upper limit; adjust the parameter used in the temperature-increasing process to the target value when the target value is determined to be equal to or lower than the upper limit; and adjust the parameter used in the temperature-increasing process to the upper limit when the target value is determined to be higher than the upper limit.

When it is determined that there is a possibility of start-up of an internal combustion engine while regeneration control is in execution during stop of the internal combustion engine, processing of the regeneration control is stopped. Accordingly, as compared with the case where the regeneration control is continuously executed when the internal combustion engine is started up, temperature increase in a filter can be suppressed: Therefore, even when an increased amount of oxygen is supplied to the filter, an oxidation reaction is suppressed, so that overheating of the filter can be suppressed.

A heat insulator includes a first covering part and a second covering part. The first covering part is configured to cover a bent part formed in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine. The first covering part has a plurality of slits extending in a circumferential direction of the exhaust pipe. The plurality of slits are arranged with a given space from each other in a direction in which the exhaust pipe extends such that a plate part between slits is present between the plurality of slits. The second covering part covers the other part of the exhaust pipe than the bent part. At least a part of the second covering part is bonded to the exhaust pipe.

A method of preventing a catalyst from being damaged through igniting timing correction may include confirming a number of engine revolutions, determining whether a misfire occurs; confirming a driving condition of a vehicle when the misfire occurs, determining an ignition timing correction efficiency based on the vehicle driving condition, and determining a misfire rate by determining and confirming a misfire effect of a cylinder based on the determined ignition timing correction efficiency

There is provided a zeolite having a CHA structure. When a total integrated intensity of a (211) plane, a (104) plane, and a (220) plane in an X-ray diffraction spectrum obtained by an X-ray powder diffraction method is defined as X.sub.0 and the total integrated intensity after heat endurance test for five hours at 900 C. under an air atmosphere is defined as X.sub.1, a ratio of X.sub.1 (X.sub.1/X.sub.0) to X.sub.0 is within a range from 0.2-0.7; and as measured by a .sup.27Al-NMR method after the heat endurance test for five hours at 900 C. under the air atmosphere, when a peak intensity of tetra-coordinated Al atoms is defined as P.sub.4 and a peak intensity of hexa-coordinated Al atoms is defined as P.sub.6, a ratio of P.sub.6 (P.sub.6/P.sub.4) to P.sub.4 is 0.1 or less.

A vehicular exhaust pipe structure includes an outer pipe extending along a front-rear direction of a vehicle and an inner pipe disposed inside the outer pipe along an axial direction of the outer pipe. The inner pipe is joined to the outer pipe such that a vacuum layer is formed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe. The inner pipe includes a pseudo-cylindrical concave polyhedral shell-shaped part.

A side feed inlet port for an injector, which makes use of stamped parts to form a compact, high strength three-piece inlet port at a significantly reduced cost. By using an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve, injector sealing is accomplished using the interior sleeve, creating a sealing point, while allowing for inlet conduit attachment to the outer sleeve at, above, or below the sealing point of the DEF injector. The construction of the inlet port is such that there is proper sealing between the inner sleeve and one or more seals, while allowing for the connection between the inlet conduit and the outer sleeve to reduce the overall height of the inlet port, and therefore, the injector. The position of the inlet conduit may be altered without affecting the sealing connection between the inner sleeve and the seal(s), such that the desirable overall height may be achieved.