A selective catalytic reduction system applying diesel oil as reductant for converting nitrogen oxides by a catalyst into diatomic nitrogen and water in a diesel engine is provided. The selective catalytic reduction system includes an oil injection system, a reactor and a number of selective catalytic reduction catalysts provided in a first section. The selective catalytic reduction system includes at least one additional section including a number of selective catalytic reduction catalysts. The at least one additional section is provided in a non-zero distance from the first section.

First to fourth exhaust passages are provided in a raw blank of a cylinder block, which can be used for both a first exhaust route and a second exhaust route, one of which is selected for use as an exhaust passage. In the first exhaust route, a fifth exhaust passage couples between opening ends of the first and second exhaust passages and is formed in a separate member from the cylinder block, exhaust gas is allowed to flow via the fourth, first, fifth, second, and third exhaust passages, and a catalyst is placed in the exhaust passages. In the second exhaust route, a communication hole is provided in a partition wall between the fourth exhaust passage and the second exhaust passage while the opening ends of the first and second exhaust passages are closed, and the exhaust gas is allowed to flow via the fourth, second, and third exhaust passages.

A vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine including an engine body and a catalyst device and a carbon dioxide recovery device recovering carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust is provided. The engine body, catalyst device, and carbon dioxide recovery device are mounted in the vehicle so that relationships X1>X2 and X2>X3 stand where a distance from a mounting position of the engine body to a mounting position of the carbon dioxide recovery device is X1, a distance from a mounting position of the catalyst device to the mounting position of the carbon dioxide recovery device is X2, and a distance from a mounting position of the engine body to a mounting position of the catalyst device is X3.

A catalyst article including a substrate with an inlet end and an outlet end, a first zone and a second zone, where the first zone comprises: a) an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) bottom layer comprising a platinum group metal on a support; and b) an SCR layer comprising a second SCR catalyst, the SCR layer located over the ASC bottom layer; where the second zone comprises a catalyst (second zone catalyst) selected from the group consisting of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a diesel exotherm catalyst (DEC); wherein the ASC bottom layer extends into the second zone; and where the first zone is located upstream of the second zone. The ASC bottom layer may include a blend of: (1) the platinum group metal on a support and (2) a first SCR catalyst.

The invention relates to a method for controlling the pressure of the exhaust gas of a machine, in particular an internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas is discharged from the machine via an exhaust gas line, and the exhaust gas line has a regulating device, preferably comprising a throttle valve or a throttle flap, said regulating device delimiting a pressure-regulated section of the exhaust gas line. Gas, preferably air, which is regulated into the pressure-regulated section via a compressed gas line is supplied such that the pressure in the pressure-regulated section is substantially kept at a constant value. The invention additionally relates to a corresponding device.

A three-way catalyst article is provided for the treatment of exhaust gas from a positive ignition engine, the catalyst article comprising: a substrate having a first layer provided thereon, wherein a second layer is provided on the first layer, wherein the first layer comprises a first metal and a first alumina, and wherein the second layer comprises a second metal and a second alumina, wherein either (i) the first metal is Pd and the second metal is Rh; or (ii) the first metal is Rh and the second metal is Pd; and wherein at least one of the first and second aluminas comprises theta alumina.

An automotive vehicle includes an exhaust aftertreatment system. The exhaust aftertreatment system includes a mixer, a doser that injects a reducing agent into the mixer, and a selective catalytic reduction unit. The exhaust aftertreatment system mixes exhaust gases and the reducing agent for treatment prior to the exhaust gases being discharged into the atmosphere. Some components of the exhaust aftertreatment system are positioned proximate to an associated combustion engine to minimize thermal energy loss from the exhaust gases prior to interaction with the exhaust aftertreatment system.

A system of controlling an engine includes: an engine including a combustion chamber, an intake valve, an ignition switch, and an exhaust valve; a dual continuously variable valve duration device to adjust an intake duration of the intake valve and an exhaust duration of the exhaust valve; and a controller for adjusting an ignition timing of the ignition switch, the intake duration, and the exhaust duration based on a driving condition of the vehicle. In particular, until the temperature of the exhaust gas reaches a predetermined temperature after the engine starts, the controller sets the ignition timing to an ignition timing within a predetermined ignition timing range, sets the intake duration of the intake valve to an intake duration within a predetermined intake duration range, and increases the exhaust duration of the exhaust valve to a limit exhaust duration according to the set intake duration.

An engine system for internal combustion and reformation of a fuel includes an engine, and a reforming reactor. The engine comprising an intake manifold for receiving a first fuel and an exhaust manifold for releasing an exhaust gas. The reforming reactor includes a first end portion, a second end, a wall having an outer surface and an inner surface. The inner surface defines an interior cavity for receiving the first fuel, a second fuel, reactants for the first fuel, or combinations thereof. The exhaust manifold of the system is sized and shaped for receiving a portion of the reforming reactor such that the exhaust gas flows along a surface of the reforming reactor within the exhaust manifold.

An engine promoting activation of a catalyst is provided, including an exhaust manifold, an exhaust lead-out path led out from a manifold exit of the exhaust manifold, a catalyst case provided on the exhaust lead-out path, and a catalyst housed in the catalyst case. The exhaust manifold and the catalyst case are extended in the front-back direction of crankshaft extension and disposed side by side orthogonally to the front-back direction. The engine may further include a supercharger attached to the exit of the exhaust manifold, and the catalyst case is attached to a turbine exit of the supercharger. The engine may further include an exhaust relay pipe attached to the exit of the exhaust manifold, and the catalyst case is attached to a relay pipe exit of the exhaust relay pipe. The engine may further include an exhaust throttle device provided on an exhaust downstream side of the catalyst.