It is proposed a method for determining a quantity of a liquid in a tank, the tank comprising: a first ultrasound subsystem capable of measuring level of liquid present above a predetermined threshold level within the tank; and at least one second ultrasound subsystem, said second ultrasound subsystem being associated with a sensing area within the tank and being configured to measure a parameter characteristic of the liquid, said sensing area being located below the predetermined threshold level. The method comprises in the steps of: —checking the validity of the measurement performed by said first ultrasound subsystem (S10); —when it is detected that the measurement of said first ultrasound system is not valid: (a) checking (S22) the validity of the measurement performed by said second ultrasound subsystem; (b) determining (S24, S25, S26) a quantity of liquid, which quantity being based on a result of the validity check at step (a).

A fluid control system is provided that in one form includes a first flow channel, a second flow channel, a heater disposed in the second flow channel, and a fluid control device disposed upstream from the first and second flow channels. When the heater is turned on, the fluid control device changes a fluid flow rate through at least one of the first flow channel and the second flow channel. In another form, the fluid control system includes a bypass conduit, a heater disposed within the bypass conduit, and a fluid control device disposed near the inlet and outlet of the bypass conduit. In still another form, the fluid control system includes a regeneration device disposed downstream from at least one exhaust aftertreatment system and closes an outlet of the exhaust pipe.

The present disclosure relates to a system and a method for removing noxious gas from cleaning liquid discharged from an exhaust gas treatment apparatus and, more particularly, to a system and a method for removing noxious gas from cleaning liquid discharged from an exhaust gas treatment apparatus, which are capable of adjusting the discharge rate of the cleaning liquid in a noxious gas removal unit, which removes noxious gas remaining in a gaseous state in the cleaning liquid discharged from the exhaust gas treatment apparatus and discharges the cleaning liquid from which the noxious gas in the gaseous state has been removed, on the basis of a result of measurement of the level of the cleaning liquid in the noxious gas removal unit.

A method of predicting the temperature of a resistive heating element in a heating system is provided. The method includes obtaining resistance characteristics of resistive heating elements and compensating for variations in the resistance characteristics over a temperature regime. The resistance characteristics of the resistive heating element include, but are not limited to, inaccuracies in resistance measurements due to strain-induced resistance variations, variations in resistance due to the rate of cooling, shifts in power output due to exposure to temperature, resistance to temperature relationships, non-monotonic resistance to temperature relationships, system measurement errors, and combinations of resistance characteristics. The method includes interpreting and calibrating resistance characteristics based on a priori measurements and in situ measurements.

A method is provided for determining exhaust mass flow through a diesel particulate filter (DPF) in an engine arrangement including an engine and an exhaust after treatment system (EATS) comprising the DPF. The method comprises determining soot loading and soot distribution in the DPF, measuring pressure drop over the DPF, measuring pressure in the DPF, measuring temperature in the DPF, and determining exhaust mass flow through the DPF as a function of the measured pressure drop, the measured pressure, the measured temperature, and the soot loading and soot distribution. An arrangement is also provided for determining exhaust mass flow through a diesel particulate filter. A method for controlling one or more engine components, and an engine, are also provided.

A reductant storage system for an internal combustion engine system includes a storage container having a bottom wall, a top wall opposite the bottom wall, an opening extending through the top wall, and a reservoir formed by a hollow interior of the storage container; a filter assembly; and a header assembly. The filter assembly extends through the opening and is configured to seal the opening and includes a filtering material. The header assembly extends through the opening and inside the filter assembly. The header assembly includes: (i) a first sensor configured to measure a quality of the reductant contained within the filter assembly and (ii) a second sensor configured to measure a level of the reductant contained within the filter assembly.

The present invention shows a combustion engine comprising an exhaust gas aftertreatment system having at least one injector for injecting a reductant into an exhaust gas passage, and an emergency stop that cuts down the energy supply of the components of the engine upon activation, wherein the combustion engine comprises an injector extraction system that extracts the injector from the exhaust gas passage when the emergency stop is activated.

Methods and systems are provided for a dual function imaging device. In one example, a method may comprise imaging exhaust gas outside of a reverse engine condition via the imaging device. The imaging device may image a surrounding area during the reverse engine condition.

An abnormality diagnosis apparatus includes an irradiation device to detect a resonance frequency by irradiating an electromagnetic wave to the NOx catalyst, and a controller to diagnose based on the resonance frequency whether the NOx catalyst is abnormal, wherein the NOx catalyst is arranged in such a position that an electric field strength inside the NOx catalyst at the time when the irradiation device irradiates the electromagnetic wave of the resonance frequency becomes larger in an upstream portion of the NOx catalyst, which is at the upstream side of a center of the NOx catalyst in the direction of flow of exhaust gas, than in a downstream portion of the NOx catalyst, which is at the downstream side of the center of the NOx catalyst.

The subject matter of the present invention relates to trained machine-learning models (300), methods (200, 400) and apparatuses (500) allowing a future resonant frequency of a catalyst for selective reduction of nitrogen oxides (SCR) to be predicted, the resonant frequency being representative of a concentration of a reducing agent within the SCR. The SCR forms part of a system for after-treatment of a flow of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine with which a motor vehicle is provided. The general principle of the invention is based on the observation of correlations between the resonant frequency of an SCR and the concentration of ammonia present within the SCR. This observation led the inventor to envision using machine learning to create a trained machine-learning model in order to predict the resonant frequency of an SCR. In the invention, the trained machine-learning model is a so-called predictive model in which significant correlations are discovered in a set of past observations and in which it is sought to generalize these correlations to cases that have not yet been observed.