The present disclosure relates to a control unit (8) for controlling reactivation of a lean NOx trap (LNT) disposed in an exhaust system (3) connected to an internal combustion engine (2), the control unit (8). The control unit (8) has at least one processor (11) configured to generate a reactivate flag (RF) for the LNT (6). A memory device (12) having instructions stored therein is coupled to the at least one processor (11). The at least one processor (11) is configured to generate the reactivate flag (RF) when the exhaust gas supplied to the LNT (6) is lean and an LNT temperature (T.sub.LNT) is greater than or equal to a predefined LNT temperature threshold (T1). The present disclosure also relates to a method of controlling reactivation of the LNT (6). The present disclosure also relates to a vehicle comprising reactivation control apparatus.

An exhaust gas treatment system, comprising an ozone purification system. The ozone purification system comprises an ozone amount control apparatus (209), used to control an amount of ozone so as to effectively oxidize gas components to be treated in exhaust gas, the ozone amount control apparatus (209) comprising a control unit (2091). By means of the present exhaust gas treatment system, particulate matter can be effectively removed from exhaust gas, and the system features a better exhaust gas purification treatment effect.

The present disclosure provides a method of making zeolite intergrowths. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of making an AEI-based material, including the steps of: preparing a mixture of water, an alumina source, a silica source, a CHA structure directing agent, and an AEI structure directing agent, wherein the molar ratio of the CHA structure directing agent to the AEI structure directing agent is from about 1:1 to about 1:15; heating the mixture at a temperature sufficient to promote formation of crystals; and calcining the crystals at a temperature of from about 450° C. to about 750° C. to obtain a product, wherein no halide-containing reagent is employed. The AEI-based materials of the present disclosure may find particular use in selective catalytic reduction of NO.sub.x in exhaust gas streams.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for the oxidation of NO, for the oxidation of ammonia and for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx, the catalyst comprising a flow-through substrate, a first coating comprising one or more of a vanadium oxide and a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, a second coating comprising a platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic oxidic material and further comprising one or more of a vanadium oxide and a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron and a third coating comprising a platinum group metal component supported on an oxidic material. The present invention further relates to an exhaust gas treatment system comprising said catalyst.

The invention relates to a process for preparing a catalyst based on a zeolite of AFX structural type and on at least one transition metal, comprising at least the following steps: i) mixing, in an aqueous medium, of at least one source of silicon in oxide form SiO.sub.2, of at least one source of aluminium in oxide form Al.sub.2O.sub.3, of an organic nitrogen-comprising compound R, of at least one source of at least one alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal M until a homogeneous precursor gel is obtained; ii) hydrothermal treatment of said precursor gel to obtain a crystallized solid phase, iii) at least one ion exchange with a transition metal; iv) heat treatment.

The invention also relates to the catalyst capable of being obtained or directly obtained by the process and to the process for the selective reduction of NOx employing the catalyst.

A NO.sub.x adsorber catalyst and its use in an emission treatment system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The NO.sub.x adsorber catalyst comprises a first layer consisting essentially of a support material, one or more platinum group metals disposed on the support material, and a NO.sub.x storage material.

There is provided an exhaust gas purification system that allows efficient purification of NOx present in exhaust gas emitted from an internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas purification system of the disclosure comprises a first exhaust gas purification device that purifies exhaust gas emitted from an internal combustion engine, wherein the atmosphere alternately switches between a reducing agent-excess atmosphere and an oxidizing agent-excess atmosphere with respect to the stoichiometric atmosphere, and a second exhaust gas purification device that further purifies the exhaust gas that has been purified by the first exhaust gas purification device, wherein the first exhaust gas purification device has a three-way catalyst, and the second exhaust gas purification device has an exhaust gas purifying catalyst that comprises an AMn.sub.2O.sub.4 spinel-type oxide support (A=Mg, Zn or Li) on which a precious metal is supported.

This engine comprises an engine body and an ECU. The ECU is configured to execute a high idling limitation when a prescribed condition is fulfilled during startup. When executing a high idle limitation, the ECU determines a first upper limit speed, which is an upper limit value of high idling speed, and a first limitation time, which is a time during which the high idling limitation continues, on the basis of the engine temperature during startup. Based on the temperature of the environment, the ECU determines a second upper limit speed, which is an upper limit value of high idling speed, and a second limitation time, which is a time during which the high idling limitation continues. The ECU executes the high idling limitation based on either the determined first upper limit speed or second upper limit speed, and either the first limitation time or the second limitation time.

The present invention discloses a rare-earth-manganese/cerium-zirconium-based composite compound, a method for preparing the same, and a use thereof. The composite compound is of a core-shell structure with a general formula expressed as: A RE.sub.cB.sub.aO.sub.b-(1-A)Ce.sub.xZr.sub.(1-x-y)M.sub.yO.sub.2-z, wherein 0.1≤A≤0.3, preferably 0.1≤A≤0.2; a shell layer has a main component of rare-earth manganese oxide with a general formula of RE.sub.cMn.sub.aO.sub.b, wherein RE is a rare-earth element or a combination of more than one rare-earth elements, and B is Mn or a combination of Mn and a transition metal element, 1≤a≤8, 2≤b≤18, and 0.25≤c≤4; and a core has a main component of cerium-zirconium composite oxide with a general formula of Ce.sub.xZr.sub.(1-x-y)M.sub.yO.sub.2-z, wherein M is one or more non-cerium rare-earth elements, 0.1≤x≤0.9, 0≤y≤0.3, and 0.01≤z≤0.3. The composite compound enhances an oxygen storage capacity of a cerium-zirconium material through an interface effect, thereby increasing a conversion rate of a nitrogen oxide.

A NO.sub.x adsorber catalyst and its use in an emission treatment system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The NO.sub.x adsorber catalyst composition comprises a support material, one or more platinum group metals disposed on the support material, and a NO.sub.x storage material.