An ammonia precursor generating system includes: a storage compartment storing at least ammonia precursor granules; a tank storing an ammonia precursor solution; a dissolving compartment configured to store an ammonia precursor solution, and to dissolve ammonia precursor granules in the ammonia precursor solution; a transfer mechanism configured to transfer ammonia precursor granules from the storage compartment to the dissolving compartment; a fluid transfer device configured to transfer the ammonia precursor solution from the tank to the dissolving compartment.

In a reactor for solid ammonium salt, a method of controlling the reactor, and a NOx emission purification system using solid ammonium salt and selective catalytic reduction, the reactor includes a first chamber and a second chamber. The first chamber has an exhaust and a first heating element. Solid ammonium salt is in the first chamber. The second chamber has a second heating element and is formed at a side of the first chamber. The first chamber is connected with the second chamber. Solid ammonium salt is in the second chamber. An amount of the solid ammonium salt in the second chamber is more than that in the first chamber, so that the first chamber is heated and cooled faster than the second chamber.

The invention relates to a heater for a device for providing a liquid additive in a motor vehicle, comprising at least one switchable resistance heating element, which is connected in series with at least one switch element, by means of which the at least one resistance heating element can be activated and deactivated, and comprising at least one permanent resistance heating element, which is connected in parallel with the at least one switchable resistance heating element and the at least one switch element.

A method for loading or reloading a decomposition unit of a vehicular system, the vehicular system including a filler pipe in communication with the decomposition unit. The method includes introducing at least one capsule including at least one protein component adapted to decompose ammonia precursor through the filler pipe and which is then guided through the filler pipe towards the decomposition unit.

Solid storage media stores a reductant in a reductant source that is released from the solid storage media in a gaseous form into an exhaust system. A leak detection and/or leak mitigation system, method and apparatus is disclosed for the gaseous reductant.

The system for use on board of a vehicle comprises a decomposition unit (2) for decomposing a compound under catalysis of a biological catalyst (3). The compound is for instance an ammonia precursor, and the biological catalyst is in solid form. At least one transfer means is present for transferring one of said compound and biological catalyst towards and/or away from the other one. The transfer means are for instance a moving device (15), for instance in the form of a float.

The system for use in a vehicle, comprises a decomposition unit (20) for at least partial decomposition of a compound under catalysis of a biological catalyst. The system is further provided with a storage unit (30) for storage of biological catalyst, and with a dosing device (31) for transferring biological catalyst into the decomposition unit (20).

Systems and methods directed at removing HCN from an FCC process flue gas (and/or generated in the catalyst system reactions themselves) such that the final HCN output is satisfactory; while, in so doing, avoiding undesirable levels of other pollutants contained in that exhaust gas such as NOx. A system includes an assembly having a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit generating a flue gas with HCN and NOx and a catalyst device placed in the flue gas line to remove HCN and NOx. The catalyst device having one or more SCR catalytic articles, as in one free of platinum group metal material (PGM) or a dual functioning SCR catalyst with PGM, or a combination of each. The assembly can be provided with an ammonia supplier and optionally an H2O supplier with associated injection for supply into the flue gas upstream of a catalytic article(s).

A system for treating exhaust gas of a vessel having at least one engine equipped with a turbocharger includes a storage tank configured to store a powder for treating the exhaust gas, and a dosing assembly fluidly coupled to the storage tank. The dosing assembly is configured to inject the powder into the exhaust gas at or adjacent the turbocharger, and includes a nozzle for injecting the powder into the exhaust gas. The nozzle includes a conduit configured to transport the powder, and a conical member mounted to a distal end of the conduit and defining a central hole in fluid communication with the conduit for guiding a first portion of the powder through the central hole. The distal end of the conduit and the conical member together define an annular gap configured to guide a second portion of the powder through the annular gap.

A system for treating exhaust gas of a vessel having at least one engine equipped with a turbocharger includes a storage tank configured to store a powder for treating the exhaust gas, and a dosing assembly fluidly coupled to the storage tank. The dosing assembly is configured to inject the powder into the exhaust gas at or adjacent the turbocharger, and includes a nozzle for injecting the powder into the exhaust gas. The nozzle includes a conduit configured to transport the powder, and a conical member mounted to a distal end of the conduit and defining a central hole in fluid communication with the conduit for guiding a first portion of the powder through the central hole. The distal end of the conduit and the conical member together define an annular gap configured to guide a second portion of the powder through the annular gap.