The invention relates to a fluid pipe arrangement (100), in particular for a charged air duct of an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing (10) having a longitudinal extension (L). The housing (10) includes a first fluid duct (20) having a first fluid inlet (22) and a first fluid outlet (24) for a first fluid and at least one second fluid duct (30) having a second fluid inlet (32) and a second fluid outlet (34) for a second fluid. Thermal insulation means (40) are provided between at least a portion (38) of the second fluid duct (30) and at least a portion (28) the first fluid duct (20).

A first throttle body and a second throttle body include valve rotation devices that independently drive respective throttle valves. The first throttle body and the second throttle body are arranged such that the respective valve rotation devices have states rotated around respective bore central axes to cause respective throttle valve rotation shafts to have angles with respect to straight lines parallel to a crankshaft in an engine top view.

A first throttle body and a second throttle body include valve rotation devices that independently drive respective throttle valves. The first throttle body and the second throttle body are arranged such that the respective valve rotation devices have states rotated around respective bore central axes to cause respective throttle valve rotation shafts to have angles with respect to straight lines parallel to a crankshaft in an engine top view.

An intake duct for an internal combustion engine includes a plurality of segments coupled together into a tubular shape. The segments include at least a first segment and a second segment. The first segment is formed from a material harder than the second segment. The first segment includes a groove that extends in the extending direction in a portion coupled to the second segment and projections that project from one of two inner surfaces of the groove. The second segment is formed from a material that allows for elastic deformation. The second segment includes a rib. The rib extends in the extending direction and has a projection width that is less than the opening width of the groove. The rib is fitted into the groove so that the projections locally compress the rib in the width direction of the groove.

An inlet duct includes a tubular main body formed by a compression-molded fibrous molded body. The main body includes an alternate layout region in which an air-impermeable high-compression portion and an air-permeable low-compression portion hat is compression-molded at a lower compressibility than a compressibility of the high-compression portion are alternately laid out in an axial direction of the main body. The alternate layout region is configured such that an arbitrary pair of points at an equal distance in the axial direction to a central position in an upstream region and a downstream region of the alternate layout region include only points that are both located in the low-compression portions and points one of which is located in the low-compression portion and the other one of which is located in the high-compression portion.

A system, apparatus and associated method for the catalyzation of a fossil fuel prior to combustion within an internal combustion engine. A voltage is inputted from a source to a relay and an ignition circuit in separate communication with the relay. The relay converts the input voltage to a negative output voltage applied to a fuel line in communication with a fuel injector of the engine, resulting in a negative charge imparted to the fuel prior to combustion and in order to increase oxidation/burn efficiency with resultant mileage/horsepower increase and concurrent decrease in pollutants resulting from discharge of partially combusted reactants.

A system, apparatus and associated method for the catalyzation of a fossil fuel prior to combustion within an internal combustion engine. A voltage is inputted from a source to a relay and an ignition circuit in separate communication with the relay. The relay converts the input voltage to a negative output voltage applied to a fuel line in communication with a fuel injector of the engine, resulting in a negative charge imparted to the fuel prior to combustion and in order to increase oxidation/burn efficiency with resultant mileage/horsepower increase and concurrent decrease in pollutants resulting from discharge of partially combusted reactants.

Cross-port air flow that improves engine fuel economy and reduces pumping losses during part-throttle operation can be implemented in various types of internal combustion engine systems using ports that interconnect the intake ports of different cylinders, thus allowing different cylinders to share combustion air. Cross-port air flow is commenced during part-throttle engine operation to disrupt the primary combustion air flow from each throttle to its associated cylinder, which reduces charge density and engine power. The engine compensates for the reduced power by incrementally opening the throttles, thus increasing the primary combustion air flow, reducing pumping losses and improving fuel economy.

A charge air line of an internal combustion engine for supplying multiple cylinders of a cylinder bank of the internal combustion engine arranged in-line with charge air, has multiple charge air line sections. Emanating from each charge air line section a branch leads to a cylinder, the branch screwable to a cylinder head of the respective cylinder. The charge air line has an upstream end, via which charge air is feedable to the charge air line, and a downstream end, which is closed by an end cap. At the downstream end, the charge air line has a larger flow cross section than at the downstream end.

A control system for a compression ignition engine configured to start compression ignition combustion by igniting mixture gas formed by injecting fuel into combustion chambers is provided, which includes combustion chambers each defined in respective cylinders so that displacements of the combustion chambers change by respective pistons reciprocating, a throttle valve, ignition plugs, injectors, a sensor having measuring parts including an atmospheric-pressure detector configured to detect an atmospheric pressure, and configured to measure parameters related to operation of the engine, and a controller. The controller executes a lean compression ignition combustion control in which compression ignition combustion is performed at a given lean air-fuel ratio higher than a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. The controller restricts the execution of the lean compression ignition combustion control when the controller determines that the atmospheric pressure is lower than a given threshold based on a signal outputted from the atmospheric-pressure detector.