An electrochemical power system is provided that generates an electromotive force (EMF) from the catalytic reaction of hydrogen to lower energy (hydrino) states providing direct conversion of the energy released from the hydrino reaction into electricity, the system comprising at least two components chosen from: H.sub.2O catalyst or a source of H.sub.2O catalyst; atomic hydrogen or a source of atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the H.sub.2O catalyst or source of H.sub.2O catalyst and atomic hydrogen or source of atomic hydrogen; and one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen. The electrochemical power system for forming hydrinos and electricity can further comprise a cathode, an anode, reactants that constitute hydrino reactants during cell operation with separate electron flow and ion mass transport, a source of oxygen, and a source of hydrogen. Due to oxidation-reduction electrode reactions, the hydrino-producing reaction mixture is constituted with the migration of electrons through an external circuit and ion mass transport through a separate path such as the electrolyte to complete an electrical circuit. In an embodiment, the anode is regenerated by intermittent charging with the electrodeposition of the anode metal ion from the electrolyte to the anode wherein an anion exchange with the anode metal oxide provides a thermodynamically favorable cycle to facilitate the electrodeposition.

A solid fuel power source that provides at least one of thermal and electrical power such as direct electricity or thermal to electricity is further provided that powers a power system comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H.sub.2O catalyst or H.sub.2O catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H.sub.2O catalyst or H.sub.2O catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a material to cause the solid fuel to be highly conductive, (iii) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides a short burst of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate rapid kinetics of the hydrino reaction and an energy gain due to forming hydrinos, (iv) a product recovery systems such as a condensor, (v) a reloading system, (vi) at least one of hydration, thermal, chemical, and electrochemical systems to regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (vii) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, (vi

An electrochemical power system is provided that generates an electromotive force (EMF) from the catalytic reaction of hydrogen to lower energy (hydrino) states providing direct conversion of the energy released from the hydrino reaction into electricity, the system comprising at least two components chosen from: H.sub.2O catalyst or a source of H.sub.2O catalyst; atomic hydrogen or a source of atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the H.sub.2O catalyst or source of H.sub.2O catalyst and atomic hydrogen or source of atomic hydrogen; and one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen. The electrochemical power system for forming hydrinos and electricity can further comprise a cathode, an anode, reactants that constitute hydrino reactants during cell operation with separate electron flow and ion mass transport, a source of oxygen, and a source of hydrogen. Due to oxidation-reduction electrode reactions, the hydrino-producing reaction mixture is constituted with the migration of electrons through an external circuit and ion mass transport through a separate path such as the electrolyte to complete an electrical circuit. In an embodiment, the anode is regenerated by intermittent charging with the electrodeposition of the anode metal ion from the electrolyte to the anode wherein an anion exchange with the anode metal oxide provides a thermodynamically favorable cycle to facilitate the electrodeposition.

A solid fuel power source that provides at least one of thermal and electrical power such as direct electricity or thermal to electricity is further provided that powers a power system comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H.sub.2O catalyst or H.sub.2O catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H.sub.2O catalyst or H.sub.2O catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a material to cause the solid fuel to be highly conductive, (iii) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides a short burst of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate rapid kinetics of the hydrino reaction and an energy gain due to forming hydrinos, (iv) a product recovery systems such as a condensor, (v) a reloading system, (vi) at least one of hydration, thermal, chemical, and electrochemical systems to regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (vii) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, (vi

The problem of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purifying agent for automobiles which is capable of improving the automobile fuel mileage as well as purifying the exhaust gas of the automobiles, and further extending the effective duration of the exhaust gas purifying agent for automobiles by a simple method of spraying the exhaust gas purifying agent for automobiles using only natural ingredients on the air filter. The problem of the present invention can be solved by using a liquid containing a) tourmaline fine powder, b) porous material fine powder, c) fucoidan extracted from seaweeds, d) amino peptides and/or alginic acids extracted from seaweeds in water as the exhaust gas purifying agent for automobiles by spraying on the air filter of automobiles.

A split cycle internal combustion engine comprising a compression cylinder accommodating a compression piston; a combustion cylinder accommodating a combustion piston; a crossover passage between the compression cylinder and the combustion cylinder arranged to provide working fluid to the combustion cylinder; a controller arranged to determine a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder based on a received indication of a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder; and a coolant system arranged to regulate a temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder; wherein, in response to determining that the peak temperature of combustion exceeds a selected threshold, the controller is configured to control the coolant system to regulate the temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder so that a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder is less than the selected threshold.

A split cycle internal combustion engine comprising a compression cylinder accommodating a compression piston; a combustion cylinder accommodating a combustion piston; a crossover passage between the compression cylinder and the combustion cylinder arranged to provide working fluid to the combustion cylinder; a controller arranged to determine a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder based on a received indication of a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder; and a coolant system arranged to regulate a temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder; wherein, in response to determining that the peak temperature of combustion exceeds a selected threshold, the controller is configured to control the coolant system to regulate the temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder so that a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder is less than the selected threshold.

The problem of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purifying agent for automobiles which is capable of improving the automobile fuel mileage as well as purifying the exhaust gas of the automobiles, and further extending the effective duration of the exhaust gas purifying agent for automobiles by a simple method of spraying the exhaust gas purifying agent for automobiles using only natural ingredients on the air filter.

The problem of the present invention can be solved by using a liquid containing a) tourmaline fine powder, b) porous material fine powder, c) fucoidan extracted from seaweeds, d) amino peptides and/or alginic acids extracted from seaweeds in water as the exhaust as purifying agent for automobiles by spraying on the air filter of automobiles.

The present invention concerns a closed cycle combustion system for endothermic engines M, comprising: Means Z for filtering combustion air entering in endothermic engines M; Means A for molecular re-aggregation of the oxygen supplied by said means Z and entering in endothermic engines M; Tanks T for fuels or composite mixtures for feeding endothermic engines M; Means E for producing oxygen and hydrogen; Means I for the introduction into endothermic engines M of fuels or composite mixtures from tanks T, together with oxygen and hydrogen from said means E; Means R for exhaust gases recovery released by endothermic engines M and for the partial reintroduction of said exhaust gases into combustion or reaction chambers of said endothermic engines M; Means RD for cooling the exhaust gases reintroduced into said combustion or reaction chambers of said endothermic engines M; Means C1 and C2 for filtering the exhaust gases released from endothermic engines M, and supplied by means R; Means for confining the polluting substances obtained from the filtering of said exhaust gases released from said endothermic engines M, supplied by said means R.

The present invention concerns a closed cycle combustion system for endothermic engines M, comprising: Means Z for filtering combustion air entering in endothermic engines M; Means A for molecular re-aggregation of the oxygen supplied by said means Z and entering in endothermic engines M; Tanks T for fuels or composite mixtures for feeding endothermic engines M; Means E for producing oxygen and hydrogen; Means I for the introduction into endothermic engines M of fuels or composite mixtures from tanks T, together with oxygen and hydrogen from said means E; Means R for exhaust gases recovery released by endothermic engines M and for the partial reintroduction of said exhaust gases into combustion or reaction chambers of said endothermic engines M; Means RD for cooling the exhaust gases reintroduced into said combustion or reaction chambers of said endothermic engines M; Means C1 and C2 for filtering the exhaust gases released from endothermic engines M, and supplied by means R; Means for confining the polluting substances obtained from the filtering of said exhaust gases released from said endothermic engines M, supplied by said means R.

The electromagnetic heat induction manifold (EHIM) is disposed in the fuel line of a diesel or gas fueled engine. Fuel flows through a steel tube wrapped by a 15 turn Cu winding and intermediate insulation. The EHIM generates a magnetic field and induces heat by induction which alters the hydrocarbon bonds in the fuel supplied to said diesel or gas fueled engine. The Cu coil is powered by an induction heating control board or module with a regulated output of 1000 to 1800 watts. The EHIM is covered by an aluminum tube. Male and female threads on the steel tube attach the manifold to the fuel line. A magnetic field causes induction heating of the steel and Cu and fuel flowing through the manifold, the field and induction heater region alters the fuel's characteristics in terms of forces that hold the hydrocarbons together.

The electromagnetic heat induction manifold (EHIM) is disposed in the fuel line of a diesel or gas fueled engine. Fuel flows through a steel tube wrapped by a 15 turn Cu winding and intermediate insulation. The EHIM generates a magnetic field and induces heat by induction which alters the hydrocarbon bonds in the fuel supplied to said diesel or gas fueled engine. The Cu coil is powered by an induction heating control board or module with a regulated output of 1000 to 1800 watts. The EHIM is covered by an aluminum tube. Male and female threads on the steel tube attach the manifold to the fuel line. A magnetic field causes induction heating of the steel and Cu and fuel flowing through the manifold, the field and induction heater region alters the fuel's characteristics in terms of forces that hold the hydrocarbons together.