Some embodiments described herein relate to a method of operating a compression ignition (CI) engine. The CI engine can include a combustion chamber. The method of operating the CI engine includes receiving a volume of intake charge in the combustion chamber, compressing the intake charge, injecting a volume of fuel into the combustion chamber, the fuel having a cetane number less than about 40, and combusting substantially all of the volume of fuel. A delay between injecting the volume of fuel into the combustion chamber and initiation of combustion is less than about 2 ms. The CI engine includes at least a two-stroke engine, an opposed-piston engine, a two-stroke opposed piston engine, a five-stroke engine, a six-stroke engine, a free-piston engine, a free piston engine linear, a rotary engine, and/or a Wankel rotary engine.

An ozone generator and an internal combustion engine with the ozone generator that can raise ozone additive rate of whole intake air, while suppressing pressure loss in the intake pipe from increasing. The internal combustion engine with an ozone generator includes a tubular intake pipe, through an inner region of which air flows, an ozone generator having an electrode plate that makes ozone and is disposed in the inner region or in the intake pipe, and a limiter that limits the flow of air in the inner region of the intake pipe; the electrode plate has a planar dielectric and high-voltage-side and low-voltage-side electrodes adhered and fixed to the dielectric and is formed in a shape of a plate extending in a direction in which air flows.

An ozone generator and an internal combustion engine with the ozone generator that can raise ozone additive rate of whole intake air, while suppressing pressure loss in the intake pipe from increasing. The internal combustion engine with an ozone generator includes a tubular intake pipe, through an inner region of which air flows, an ozone generator having an electrode plate that makes ozone and is disposed in the inner region or in the intake pipe, and a limiter that limits the flow of air in the inner region of the intake pipe; the electrode plate has a planar dielectric and high-voltage-side and low-voltage-side electrodes adhered and fixed to the dielectric and is formed in a shape of a plate extending in a direction in which air flows.

An internal combustion engine includes: at least one magnet (10) inserted into at least one immersion container (8) present in the fuel tank (3), at least one magnet (20) applied on the cooling duct; at least one pair of magnets (30) arranged on the fuel duct, the fuel duct defining a coil; at least one pair of magnets (40) applied on the air suction pipe; and at least one pair of magnets (50) applied on the fuel filter, the magnets (10), (20), (30), (40) and (50) being permanent magnets including rare earth elements. The internal combustion engine includes at least one metal sheet (1) including paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic elements applied on at least one portion of at least one internal surface (2) of the tank (3).

A power source that provides at least one of thermal and electrical power and method of use thereof such as direct electricity or thermal to electricity is provided that powers a power system comprising (i) at least one reaction cell comprising a fuel having atomic hydrogen, nascent H.sub.2O; and a material to cause the fuel to be highly conductive, (iii) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides a short burst of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate a reaction and an energy gain, (iv) a product recovery systems such as a condensor, (v) a reloading system, (vi) at least one of hydration, thermal, chemical, and electrochemical systems to regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (vii) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, (viii) a power conversion system.

A power source that provides at least one of thermal and electrical power and method of use thereof such as direct electricity or thermal to electricity is provided that powers a power system comprising (i) at least one reaction cell comprising a fuel having atomic hydrogen, nascent H.sub.2O; and a material to cause the fuel to be highly conductive, (iii) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides a short burst of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate a reaction and an energy gain, (iv) a product recovery systems such as a condensor, (v) a reloading system, (vi) at least one of hydration, thermal, chemical, and electrochemical systems to regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (vii) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, (viii) a power conversion system.

An ozone generator and an internal combustion engine with the ozone generator that can raise ozone additive rate of whole intake air, while suppressing pressure loss in the intake pipe from increasing. The internal combustion engine with an ozone generator includes a tubular intake pipe, through an inner region of which air flows, an ozone generator having an electrode plate that makes ozone and is disposed in the inner region or in the intake pipe, and a limiter that limits the flow of air in the inner region of the intake pipe; the electrode plate has a planar dielectric and high-voltage-side and low-voltage-side electrodes adhered and fixed to the dielectric and is formed in a shape of a plate extending in a direction in which air flows.

A split cycle internal combustion engine comprising a compression cylinder accommodating a compression piston; a combustion cylinder accommodating a combustion piston; a crossover passage between the compression cylinder and the combustion cylinder arranged to provide working fluid to the combustion cylinder; a controller arranged to determine a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder based on a received indication of a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder; and a coolant system arranged to regulate a temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder; wherein, in response to determining that the peak temperature of combustion exceeds a selected threshold, the controller is configured to control the coolant system to regulate the temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder so that a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder is less than the selected threshold.

A split cycle internal combustion engine comprising a compression cylinder accommodating a compression piston; a combustion cylinder accommodating a combustion piston; a crossover passage between the compression cylinder and the combustion cylinder arranged to provide working fluid to the combustion cylinder; a controller arranged to determine a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder based on a received indication of a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder; and a coolant system arranged to regulate a temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder; wherein, in response to determining that the peak temperature of combustion exceeds a selected threshold, the controller is configured to control the coolant system to regulate the temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder so that a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder is less than the selected threshold.

A power source that provides at least one of thermal and electrical power and method of use thereof such as direct electricity or thermal to electricity is provided that powers a power system comprising (i) at least one reaction cell comprising a fuel having atomic hydrogen, nascent H.sub.2O; and a material to cause the fuel to be highly conductive, (iii) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides a short burst of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate a reaction and an energy gain, (iv) a product recovery systems such as a condenser, (v) a reloading system, (vi) at least one of hydration, thermal, chemical, and electrochemical systems to regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (vii) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, (viii) a power conversion system.