An exhaust structure is provided with an exhaust manifold, and a supercharger having a turbine housing. The turbine housing is provided with an inflow port interconnected with the exhaust manifold, a housing member in which a space for housing turbine blades is formed, and an inflow port in which an inflow passage communicating from the inflow port through the housing space is formed. A sensor mounting part is formed in the inflow port, and a throttle member is formed such that the width thereof in an aligning direction of cylinders gradually decreases from the inflow port toward the sensor mounting part. With this configuration, the accuracy of detecting the combustion state of the cylinders can be increased.

An exhaust structure is provided with an exhaust manifold, and a supercharger having a turbine housing. The turbine housing is provided with an inflow port interconnected with the exhaust manifold, a housing member in which a space for housing turbine blades is formed, and an inflow port in which an inflow passage communicating from the inflow port through the housing space is formed. A sensor mounting part is formed in the inflow port, and a throttle member is formed such that the width thereof in an aligning direction of cylinders gradually decreases from the inflow port toward the sensor mounting part. With this configuration, the accuracy of detecting the combustion state of the cylinders can be increased.

An engine equipped with a turbo supercharger has an exhaust manifold coupled to an engine body, a turbo supercharger including a turbine housing demarcating a turbine chamber and a supply path of exhaust air, and a turbine insulator covering the same, and a manifold insulator covering at least the upper surface of the exhaust manifold and the side surface of the exhaust manifold on the turbo supercharger side. The exhaust manifold has a flange as a connection section with respect to the turbo supercharger. The manifold insulator has a cut-away section exposing a joining surface of the flange, and an opening caused by having the interval between the cut-away edge of the cut-away section and the outer peripheral edge of the flange be relatively wider in a predetermined position than in other positions.

An engine equipped with a turbo supercharger has an exhaust manifold coupled to an engine body, a turbo supercharger including a turbine housing demarcating a turbine chamber and a supply path of exhaust air, and a turbine insulator covering the same, and a manifold insulator covering at least the upper surface of the exhaust manifold and the side surface of the exhaust manifold on the turbo supercharger side. The exhaust manifold has a flange as a connection section with respect to the turbo supercharger. The manifold insulator has a cut-away section exposing a joining surface of the flange, and an opening caused by having the interval between the cut-away edge of the cut-away section and the outer peripheral edge of the flange be relatively wider in a predetermined position than in other positions.

An engine system includes an engine with a crankshaft. The crankshaft is rotatable about a crankshaft axis that is defined in a first plane. A turbocharger includes a turbine and a compressor. The turbine is configured to be driven by an exhaust gas flow from the engine and drive the compressor about a common turbocharger axis. An included angle defined between a projection of the common turbocharger axis onto the first plane and the crankshaft axis is an acute angle.

An aftercooler is provided comprising a housing, an outlet diverter coupled to the housing and having an outlet port, and an inlet diffuser comprising a forward wall having a peripheral rim coupled to the housing, an upper wall connected to the forward wall, a lower wall connected to the forward wall, a first side wall connected to the upper wall and the lower wall and having a first end disposed adjacent the peripheral rim and a second end disposed adjacent an inlet port of the inlet diffuser, a second side wall connected to the upper wall and the lower wall and having a first end disposed adjacent the peripheral rim and a second end disposed adjacent the inlet port, and a plurality of fins disposed within an interior volume of the inlet diffuser collectively distributing air across an outlet opening of the inlet diffuser for delivery to the housing.

An aftercooler is provided comprising a housing, an outlet diverter coupled to the housing and having an outlet port, and an inlet diffuser comprising a forward wall having a peripheral rim coupled to the housing, an upper wall connected to the forward wall, a lower wall connected to the forward wall, a first side wall connected to the upper wall and the lower wall and having a first end disposed adjacent the peripheral rim and a second end disposed adjacent an inlet port of the inlet diffuser, a second side wall connected to the upper wall and the lower wall and having a first end disposed adjacent the peripheral rim and a second end disposed adjacent the inlet port, and a plurality of fins disposed within an interior volume of the inlet diffuser collectively distributing air across an outlet opening of the inlet diffuser for delivery to the housing.

A method of controlling fuel delivery to an engine includes providing a fluid atomizer, a mechanically driven air compressor, a start up air source, and an air valve coupled between the mechanically driven air compressor and the start up air source, charging the start up air source, delivering compressed air from the start up air source to the fluid atomizer, providing an initial air/fluid mixture with the fluid atomizer, and operating the air valve to direct compressed air from the mechanically driven air compressor to the fluid atomizer.

A method of controlling fuel delivery to an engine includes providing a fluid atomizer, a mechanically driven air compressor, a start up air source, and an air valve coupled between the mechanically driven air compressor and the start up air source, charging the start up air source, delivering compressed air from the start up air source to the fluid atomizer, providing an initial air/fluid mixture with the fluid atomizer, and operating the air valve to direct compressed air from the mechanically driven air compressor to the fluid atomizer.

A drive system for driving a motor vehicle is provided. The drive system includes a first turbocharger, a second turbocharger, and an internal combustion engine. The first turbocharger and the second turbocharger are, for the drive of the motor vehicle, operatively connected to the internal combustion engine. The first turbocharger and the second turbocharger are, in a height direction of a crankcase of the internal combustion engine, arranged one above the other in a defined corridor adjacent to the crankcase. The invention also provides a motor vehicle including the drive system.