Systems and methods for gas turbine or jet engines may include, among other things, one or more electric heating elements located within a combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine, a combustion chamber of a jet engine, or an afterburner of a jet engine. A combustion chamber and/or an afterburner may be configured to generate heated gas by using the one or more electric heating elements to heat gases within the combustion chamber and/or afterburner. A combustion chamber and/or an afterburner may be configured to generate an exhaust output based on the heated gas. The exhaust output may drive a turbine which generates electricity or mechanical energy. Thrust from the exhaust output from a jet engine may propel a vehicle.

Systems and methods for gas turbine or jet engines may include, among other things, one or more electric heating elements located within a combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine, a combustion chamber of a jet engine, or an afterburner of a jet engine. A combustion chamber and/or an afterburner may be configured to generate heated gas by using the one or more electric heating elements to heat gases within the combustion chamber and/or afterburner. A combustion chamber and/or an afterburner may be configured to generate an exhaust output based on the heated gas. The exhaust output may drive a turbine which generates electricity or mechanical energy. Thrust from the exhaust output from a jet engine may propel a vehicle.

A combined cooling, heating and power system is formed by integrating a CO.sub.2 cycle subsystem, an ORC cycle subsystem, and an LNG cold energy utilization subsystem based on an SOFC/GT hybrid power generation subsystem. The combined system can achieve efficient and cascade utilization of energy and low carbon dioxide emission. An SOFC/GT hybrid system is used as a prime mover. High-, medium-, and low-temperature waste heat of the system are recovered through CO.sub.2 and ORC cycles, respectively. Cold energy (for air conditioning and refrigeration), heat, power, natural gas, ice, and dry ice can be provided by using LNG as a cold source of the CO.sub.2 and ORC cycles. Low CO.sub.2 emission is achieved by condensation and separation of CO.sub.2 from flue gas, so energy loss of the system can be reduced, and efficient and cascade utilization of energy can be achieved, thereby realizing energy conservation and emission reduction.

A combined cooling, heating and power system is formed by integrating a CO.sub.2 cycle subsystem, an ORC cycle subsystem, and an LNG cold energy utilization subsystem based on an SOFC/GT hybrid power generation subsystem. The combined system can achieve efficient and cascade utilization of energy and low carbon dioxide emission. An SOFC/GT hybrid system is used as a prime mover. High-, medium-, and low-temperature waste heat of the system are recovered through CO.sub.2 and ORC cycles, respectively. Cold energy (for air conditioning and refrigeration), heat, power, natural gas, ice, and dry ice can be provided by using LNG as a cold source of the CO.sub.2 and ORC cycles. Low CO.sub.2 emission is achieved by condensation and separation of CO.sub.2 from flue gas, so energy loss of the system can be reduced, and efficient and cascade utilization of energy can be achieved, thereby realizing energy conservation and emission reduction.

Operating an internal combustion engine system includes combusting gaseous hydrogen fuel and gaseous hydrocarbon fuel at a first substitution ratio in a plurality of cylinders in an engine, inputting an emissions cost value and a hydrogen cost value to a fuel blending control system for the engine, and determining, by way of an electronic control unit of the fuel blending control system, a fuel blending control term based on the respective cost values. Operating the engine system further includes varying admission of at least one of the hydrogen fuel or the hydrocarbon fuel to an intake system for the engine based on the fuel blending control term, and combusting the hydrogen fuel and the hydrocarbon fuel at a second substitution ratio produced by the varied admission in the plurality of cylinders in the engine.

A plant monitoring device (20) is provided with: a state quantity acquiring unit (211) which acquires state quantities for each of a plurality of characteristic items relating to a plant; an abnormality degree calculating unit (212) which calculates a degree of abnormality representing a degree of approach toward an abnormal side relative to a limit value that is predetermined for each characteristic item, for the state quantities acquired at a plant monitoring timing; a distance calculating unit (213) which uses a statistical technique to calculate distances representing the degrees of separation, from the normal operating state of the plant, of the state quantity and the degree of abnormality acquired at the monitoring timing; and a determining unit (214) which determines the operating state of the plant on the basis of the calculated distances.

An electric power generation system receives a gas flow at a heater, heats the gas flow at the heater with a heated fluid from a waste heat process, and directs the heated gas flow to a turbine wheel of an electric generator. The heated gas flow drives rotation of the turbine wheel, and in response to rotating the turbine wheel, electrical current is generated by the electric generator. Generated electrical current is then directed to power electronics.

An electric power generation system receives a gas flow at a heater, heats the gas flow at the heater with a heated fluid from a waste heat process, and directs the heated gas flow to a turbine wheel of an electric generator. The heated gas flow drives rotation of the turbine wheel, and in response to rotating the turbine wheel, electrical current is generated by the electric generator. Generated electrical current is then directed to power electronics.

A chemical looping combustion (CLC) based power generation, particularly using liquid fuel, ensures substantially complete fuel combustion and provides electrical efficiency without exposing metal oxide based oxygen carrier to high temperature redox process. An integrated fuel gasification (reforming)-CLC-followed by power generation model is provided involving (i) a gasification island, (ii) CLC island, (iii) heat recovery unit, and (iv) power generation system. To improve electrical efficiency, a fraction of the gasified fuel may be directly fed, or bypass the CLC, to a combustor upstream of one or more gas turbines. This splitting approach ensures higher temperature (efficiency) in the gas turbine inlet. The inert mass ratio, air flow rate to the oxidation reactor, and pressure of the system may be tailored to affect the performance of the integrated CLC system and process.

A chemical looping combustion (CLC) based power generation, particularly using liquid fuel, ensures substantially complete fuel combustion and provides electrical efficiency without exposing metal oxide based oxygen carrier to high temperature redox process. An integrated fuel gasification (reforming)-CLC-followed by power generation model is provided involving (i) a gasification island, (ii) CLC island, (iii) heat recovery unit, and (iv) power generation system. To improve electrical efficiency, a fraction of the gasified fuel may be directly fed, or bypass the CLC, to a combustor upstream of one or more gas turbines. This splitting approach ensures higher temperature (efficiency) in the gas turbine inlet. The inert mass ratio, air flow rate to the oxidation reactor, and pressure of the system may be tailored to affect the performance of the integrated CLC system and process.